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ACI 350 06 2006

ACI 350 06 2006

$111.04

350-06 Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ACI 2006 492
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The code portion of this document covers the structural design, materials selection, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Such structures are used for conveying, storing, or treating liquid or other materials such as solid waste. They include ancillary structures for dams, spill-ways, and channels. They are subject to uniquely different loadings, more severe exposure conditions, and more restrictive serviceability requirements than non-environmental building structures. Loadings include normal dead and live loads and vibrating equipment or hydrodynamic forces. Exposures include concentrated chemicals, alternate wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing of saturated concrete. Serviceability requirements include liquid-tightness or gas-tightness. Typical structures include conveyance, storage, and treatment structures. Proper design, materials, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures are required to produce serviceable concrete that is dense, durable, nearly impermeable, and resistant to chemicals, with limited deflections and cracking. Leakage must be controlled to minimize contamination of ground water or the environment, to minimize loss of product or infiltration, and to promote durability. This code presents new material as well as modified portions of the ACI 318-02 Building Code that are applicable to environmental engineering concrete structures. Because ACI 350-06 is written as a legal document, it may be adopted by reference in a general building code or in regulations governing the design and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Thus, it cannot present background details or suggestions for carrying out its requirements or intent.It is the function of the commentary to fill this need. Keywords: Chemical attack; coatings; concrete durability; concrete finishing (fresh concrete); concrete slabs, crack width, and spacing; cracking(fracturing); environmental engineering; inspection; joints (junctions); joint sealers; liquid; patching; permeability; pipe columns; pipes (tubes);prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; protective coatings; reservoirs; roofs; serviceability; sewerage; solid waste facilities; tanks(containers); temperature; torque; torsion; vibration; volume change; walls; wastewater treatment; water; water-cementitious material ratio; watersupply; water treatment.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 Blank Page
6 INTRODUCTION
13 PART 1 — GENERAL
CHAPTER 1 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 — Scope
14 1.1.1
1.1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
15 1.1.5
16 1.1.6
1.1.7
1.1.7.1
1.1.7.2
1.1.8
17 1.1.8.1
18 1.1.8.2
19 1.1.9
1.2 — Drawings and specifications
1.2.1
20 1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3 — Inspection
1.3.1
21 1.3.2
22 1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.4 — Approval of special systems of
design or construction
25 CHAPTER 2 — DEFINITIONS
2.1
33 2.2
35 PART 2 — STANDARDS FOR TESTS AND MATERIALS
CHAPTER 3 — MATERIALS
3.0 — Notation
3.1 — Tests of materials
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2 — Cements
3.2.1
3.2.2
36 3.3 — Aggregates
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
37 3.4 — Water
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.3.1
3.4.3.2
3.5 — Steel reinforcement
3.5.1
3.5.2
39 3.5.3
3.5.3.1
3.5.3.2
3.5.3.3
40 3.5.3.4
3.5.3.5
3.5.3.6
3.5.3.7
3.5.3.8
3.5.4
41 3.5.4.1
3.5.4.2
3.5.5
3.5.5.1
3.5.5.2
3.5.6
3.5.6.1
42 3.5.6.2
3.6 — Admixtures
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6
43 3.6.7
3.6.8
3.6.9
3.7 — Storage of materials
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.8 — Reference standards
44 3.8.1
48 3.8.2
3.8.3
3.8.4
3.8.5
3.8.6
3.8.7
3.8.8
3.8.8.1 — American Water Works Association
3.8.8.2 — U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Specifications
3.8.8.3 — Federal Specifications
49 3.8.8.4 — American Concrete Institute
3.8.8.5 — American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials
51 PART 3 — CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 4 — DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
4.0 — Notation
52 4.1 — Water-cementitious materials ratio and cementitious material content
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2 — Freezing and thawing exposures
4.2.1
53 4.2.2
4.2.3
54 4.3 — Sulfate exposures
4.3.1
55 4.3.2
4.4 — Corrosion protection of metals
4.4.1
56 4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
57 4.4.5
4.4.6
4.5 — Chemical effects
4.5.1 — Concrete protection against chemicals
4.5.1.1
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.3
4.5.1.4
61 4.5.2
4.5.3 — Testing for chemical effects
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.2
62 4.5.3.3
4.6 — Protection against erosion
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
63 4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
4.7 — Coatings and liners
4.7.1
64 4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4 — Vapor transmission of liners and coatings
4.7.5 — Selection of coatings and liners
4.7.5.1
4.7.5.2
4.7.5.3
65 4.8 — Joints
4.8.1 — General
4.8.2 — Waterstops
4.8.3 — Sealants
4.8.4 — Ozone exposure
4.8.5 — Shear keys
67 CHAPTER 5 — CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING
5.0 — Notation
5.1 — General
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.2 — Selection of concrete proportions
68 5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.3 — Proportioning on the basis of field
experience, trial mixtures, or both
5.3.1 — Standard deviation
71 5.3.1.1
5.3.1.2
72 5.3.2 — Required average strength
5.3.2.1
5.3.2.2
5.3.3 — Documentation of average strength
73 5.3.3.1
5.3.3.2
74 5.4 — Average strength reduction
5.5 — Evaluation and acceptance of concrete
5.5.1 — Frequency of testing
5.5.1.1
75 5.5.1.2
5.5.1.3
5.5.1.4
5.5.2 — Laboratory-cured specimens
5.5.2.1
5.5.2.2
5.5.2.3
76 5.5.2.4
5.5.3 — Field-cured specimens
5.5.3.1
77 5.5.3.2
5.5.3.3
5.5.3.4
5.5.4 — Investigation of low-strength test results
5.5.4.1
5.5.4.2
5.5.4.3
5.5.4.4
78 5.5.4.5
5.6 — Preparation of equipment and place
of deposit
5.6.1
5.7 — Mixing
5.7.1
5.7.2
79 5.7.3
5.8 — Conveying
5.8.1
5.8.2
5.9 — Depositing
5.9.1
80 5.9.2
5.9.3
5.9.4
5.9.5
5.9.6
5.9.7
5.9.8
5.10 — Curing
5.10.1
5.10.2
5.10.3 — Accelerated curing
5.10.3.1
5.10.3.2
5.10.3.3
81 5.10.4
5.11 — Cold weather requirements
5.11.1
5.11.2
5.11.3
5.12 — Hot weather requirements
83 CHAPTER 6 — FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT JOINTS
6.1 — Design of formwork
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.7.1
6.1.8
84 6.2 — Removal of forms, shores, and
reshoring
6.2.1 — Removal of forms
6.2.2 — Removal of shores and reshoring
6.2.2.1
6.2.2.2
6.2.2.3
85 6.3 — Conduits and pipes embedded in
concrete
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
86 6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.5.1
6.3.5.2
6.3.5.3
6.3.6
6.3.6.1
6.3.6.2
6.3.6.3
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.9
6.3.10
6.3.11
87 6.3.12
6.3.13
6.4 — Construction joints
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.7
88 6.4.8
6.5 — Movement joints
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
89 CHAPTER 7 — DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
7.0 — Notation
7.1 — Standard hooks
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.2 — Minimum bend diameters
7.2.1
7.2.2
90 7.2.3
7.3 — Bending
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.4 — Surface conditions of reinforcement
7.4.1
91 7.4.2
7.4.3
7.5 — Placing reinforcement
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.2.1
92 7.5.2.2
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.6 — Spacing limits for reinforcement
7.6.1
7.6.2
7.6.3
7.6.4
7.6.5
7.6.6 — Bundled bars
7.6.6.1
7.6.6.2
93 7.6.6.3
7.6.6.4
7.6.6.5
7.6.7 — Tendons and ducts
7.6.7.1
7.6.7.2
7.7 — Concrete protection for reinforcement
7.7.1 — Cast-in-place concrete (nonprestressed)
94 7.7.2 — Precast concrete (manufactured under
plant control conditions)
95 7.7.3 — Cast-in-place concrete (prestressed)
7.7.3.1
7.7.3.2
7.7.3.3
96 7.7.4 — Bundled bars
7.7.5 — Future extensions
7.7.6 — Fire protection
7.8 — Special reinforcement details for
columns
7.8.1 — Offset bars
7.8.1.1
7.8.1.2
7.8.1.3
7.8.1.4
7.8.1.5
7.8.2 — Steel cores
7.8.2.1
97 7.8.2.2
7.8.2.3
7.8.2.4
7.9 — Connections
7.9.1
7.9.2
7.10 — Lateral reinforcement for
compression members
7.10.1
7.10.2
7.10.3
7.10.4 — Spirals
7.10.4.1
98 7.10.4.2
7.10.4.3
7.10.4.4
7.10.4.5
7.10.4.6
7.10.4.7
7.10.4.8
7.10.4.9
7.10.5 — Ties
99 7.10.5.1
100 7.10.5.2
7.10.5.3
7.10.5.4
7.10.5.5
7.10.5.6
7.11 — Lateral reinforcement for flexural
members
7.11.1
7.11.2
7.11.3
7.12 — Shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement
7.12.1
101 7.12.1.1
7.12.1.2
7.12.2
7.12.2.1
102 7.12.2.2
7.12.2.3
7.12.3
7.12.3.1
7.12.3.2
7.12.3.3
7.13 — Requirements for structural integrity
7.13.1
103 7.13.2
7.13.2.1
7.13.2.2
7.13.2.3
7.13.2.4
7.13.2.5
7.13.3
7.13.4
105 PART 4 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 8 — ANALYSIS AND DESIGN — GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
8.0 — Notation
8.1 — Design methods
8.1.1
106 8.1.2
8.1.3
8.2 — Loading
8.2.1
8.2.2
107 8.2.3
8.2.4
8.3 — Methods of analysis
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
108 8.4 — Redistribution of negative moments
in continuous flexural members
8.4.1
109 8.4.2
8.4.3
110 8.5 — Modulus of elasticity
8.5.1
8.5.2
8.5.3
8.6 — Stiffness
8.6.1
8.6.2
8.7 — Span length
8.7.1
111 8.7.2
8.7.3
8.7.4
8.8 — Columns
8.8.1
8.8.2
8.8.3
8.8.4
8.9 — Arrangement of live load
8.9.1
8.9.2
112 8.10 — T-beam construction
8.10.1
8.10.2
8.10.3
8.10.4
8.10.5
8.10.5.1
8.10.5.2
8.11 — Joist construction
8.11.1
8.11.2
113 8.11.3
8.11.4
8.11.5
8.11.5.1
8.11.5.2
8.11.5.3
8.11.6
8.11.6.1
8.11.6.2
8.11.7
8.11.8
8.12 — Separate floor finish
8.12.1
114 8.12.2
115 CHAPTER 9 — STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS
9.0 — Notation
117 9.1 — General
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.2 — Required strength
118 9.2.1
119 9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.2.5
120 9.2.6
9.2.6.1
9.2.6.2
9.2.6.3
9.2.6.4
9.2.6.5
121 9.2.7
9.3 — Design strength
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.2.1
9.3.2.2
122 9.3.2.3
9.3.2.4
9.3.2.5
123 9.3.2.6
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.4 — Design strength for reinforcement
9.5 — Control of deflections
9.5.1
124 9.5.2 — One-way construction (nonprestressed)
9.5.2.1
9.5.2.2
125 9.5.2.3
9.5.2.4
9.5.2.5
126 9.5.2.6
127 9.5.3 — Two-way construction (nonprestressed)
9.5.3.1
9.5.3.2
9.5.3.3
128 9.5.3.4
9.5.4 — Prestressed concrete construction
9.5.4.1
9.5.4.2
9.5.4.3
129 9.5.4.4
9.5.5 — Composite construction
9.5.5.1 — Shored construction
9.5.5.2 — Unshored construction
130 9.5.5.3
131 CHAPTER 10 — FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS
10.0 — Notation
134 10.1 — Scope
10.2 — Design assumptions
10.2.1
10.2.2
135 10.2.3
10.2.4
10.2.5
10.2.6
136 10.2.7
10.2.7.1
10.2.7.2
10.2.7.3
10.3 — General principles and requirements
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.3
138 10.3.4
10.3.5
10.3.6
10.3.7
10.3.7.1
10.3.7.2
10.3.7.3
10.3.8
139 10.4 — Distance between lateral supports
of flexural members
10.4.1
10.4.2
10.5 — Minimum reinforcement of flexural
members
10.5.1
140 10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
10.6 — Distribution of flexural reinforcement
10.6.1
141 10.6.2
10.6.3
10.6.4
10.6.4.1
142 10.6.4.2
10.6.4.3
10.6.4.4
10.6.4.5
10.6.4.6
143 10.6.5
10.6.6
144 10.6.7
10.7 — Deep beams
10.7.1
10.7.2
10.7.3
10.7.4
145 10.8 — Design dimensions for compression
members
10.8.1 — Isolated compression member with
multiple spirals
10.8.2 — Compression member built monolithically
with wall
10.8.3 — Equivalent circular compression member
10.8.4 — Limits of section
10.9 — Limits for reinforcement of
compression members
10.9.1
146 10.9.2
147 10.9.3
10.10 — Slenderness effects in compression
members
10.10.1
10.10.2
148 10.11 — Magnified moments—General
10.11.1
149 10.11.2
10.11.3
10.11.3.1
10.11.3.2
10.11.4
10.11.4.1
10.11.4.2
150 10.11.5
10.11.6
151 10.12 — Magnified moments—Nonsway
frames
10.12.1
152 10.12.2
10.12.3
153 10.12.3.1
10.12.3.2
10.13 — Magnified moments—Sway frames
154 10.13.1
10.13.2
10.13.3
10.13.4
10.13.4.1
155 10.13.4.2
10.13.4.3
156 10.13.5
10.13.6
157 10.13.7
10.14 — Axially loaded members
supporting slab system
10.15 — Transmission of column loads
through floor system
10.15.1
158 10.15.2
10.15.3
10.16 — Composite compression members
10.16.1
10.16.2
10.16.3
10.16.4
10.16.5
159 10.16.6 — Structural steel encased concrete core
10.16.6.1
10.16.6.2
10.16.7 — Spiral reinforcement around structural
steel core
10.16.7.1
10.16.7.2
10.16.7.3
10.16.7.4
10.16.7.5
10.16.8 — Tie reinforcement around structural steel
core
10.16.8.1
10.16.8.2
10.16.8.3
10.16.8.4
10.16.8.5
160 10.16.8.6
10.16.8.7
10.16.8.8
10.17 — Bearing strength
10.17.1
161 10.17.2
163 CHAPTER 11 — SHEAR AND TORSION
11.0 — Notation
166 11.1 — Shear strength
11.1.1
167 11.1.1.1
11.1.1.2
11.1.2
11.1.2.1
11.1.3
168 11.1.3.1
169 11.1.3.2
11.1.4
170 11.2 — Lightweight concrete
11.2.1
11.2.1.1
11.2.1.2
11.3 — Shear strength provided by concrete
for nonprestressed members
11.3.1
11.3.1.1
11.3.1.2
11.3.1.3
11.3.2
171 11.3.2.1
11.3.2.2
11.3.2.3
172 11.3.3
11.4 — Shear strength provided by
concrete for prestressed members
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.4.2.1
11.4.2.2
173 11.4.2.3
174 11.4.3
11.4.4
175 11.5 — Shear strength provided by shear
reinforcement
11.5.1 — Types of shear reinforcement
11.5.1.1
11.5.1.2
11.5.2
11.5.3
11.5.4 — Spacing limits for shear reinforcement
11.5.4.1
11.5.4.2
176 11.5.4.3
11.5.4.4
11.5.5 — Minimum shear reinforcement
11.5.5.1
177 11.5.5.2
11.5.5.3
11.5.5.4
11.5.6 — Design of shear reinforcement
178 11.5.6.1
11.5.6.2
11.5.6.3
11.5.6.4
11.5.6.5
11.5.6.6
11.5.6.7
11.5.6.8
11.5.6.9
11.6 — Design for torsion
180 11.6.1 — Threshold torsion
181 11.6.1.1
11.6.2 — Calculation of factored torsional moment Tu
11.6.2.1
11.6.2.2
182 11.6.2.3
11.6.2.4
11.6.2.5
183 11.6.3 — Torsional moment strength
11.6.3.1
11.6.3.2
11.6.3.3
184 11.6.3.4
11.6.3.5
11.6.3.6
185 11.6.3.7
186 11.6.3.8
11.6.3.9
11.6.3.10
187 11.6.3.11
11.6.4 — Details of torsional reinforcement
11.6.4.1
11.6.4.2
11.6.4.3
11.6.4.4
188 11.6.5 — Minimum torsion reinforcement
11.6.5.1
11.6.5.2
11.6.5.3
189 11.6.6 — Spacing of torsion reinforcement
11.6.6.1
11.6.6.2
11.6.6.3
11.7 — Shear-friction
11.7.1
11.7.2
11.7.3
11.7.3.1
190 11.7.4 — Shear-friction design method
11.7.4.1
191 11.7.4.2
11.7.4.3
192 11.7.5
11.7.6
11.7.7
11.7.8
11.7.9
193 11.7.10
11.8 — Deep beams
11.8.1
11.8.2
11.8.3
11.8.4
11.8.5
11.8.6
194 11.8.7
11.8.8
11.8.9
11.8.10
11.8.11
11.9 — Special provisions for brackets
and corbels
195 11.9.1
11.9.2
196 11.9.3
11.9.3.1
11.9.3.2
11.9.3.2.1
11.9.3.2.2
11.9.3.3
11.9.3.4
11.9.3.5
11.9.4
197 11.9.5
11.9.6
11.9.7
11.10 — Special provisions for walls
11.10.1
11.10.2
198 11.10.3
11.10.4
11.10.5
11.10.6
11.10.7
11.10.8
11.10.9 — Design of shear reinforcement for walls
199 11.10.9.1
11.10.9.2
11.10.9.3
11.10.9.4
11.10.9.5
11.11 — Transfer of moments to columns
11.11.1
200 11.11.2
11.12 — Special provisions for slabs and
footings
11.12.1
11.12.1.1
11.12.1.2
11.12.1.3
11.12.2
201 11.12.2.1
11.12.2.2
11.12.3
202 11.12.3.1
11.12.3.2
11.12.3.3
11.12.3.4
11.12.4
11.12.4.1
11.12.4.2
203 11.12.4.3
11.12.4.4
204 11.12.4.5
11.12.4.6
11.12.4.7
205 11.12.4.8
206 11.12.4.9
11.12.4.10
11.12.5 — Openings in slabs
11.12.5.1
11.12.5.2
207 11.12.6 — Transfer of moment in slab-column
connections
11.12.6.1
11.12.6.2
208 11.12.6.3
209 CHAPTER 12 — DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT
12.0 — Notation
210 12.1 — Development of reinforcement—
General
12.1.1
12.1.2
12.2 — Development of deformed bars and
deformed wire in tension
212 12.2.1
12.2.2
213 12.2.3
12.2.4
12.2.5 — Excess reinforcement
214 12.3 — Development of deformed bars and
deformed wire in compression
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.4 — Development of bundled bars
12.4.1
12.4.2
215 12.5 — Development of standard hooks in
tension
12.5.1
12.5.2
12.5.3
216 12.5.4
217 12.5.5
12.6 — Mechanical anchorage
12.6.1
12.6.2
12.6.3
12.7 — Development of welded deformed
wire fabric in tension
12.7.1
218 12.7.2
12.7.3
12.7.4
12.8 — Development of welded plain wire
fabric in tension
219 12.9 — Development of prestressing strand
12.9.1
12.9.1.1
220 12.9.2
12.9.3
221 12.10 — Development of flexural
reinforcement—General
12.10.1
12.10.2
12.10.3
222 12.10.4
12.10.5
12.10.5.1
12.10.5.2
12.10.5.3
223 12.10.6
12.11 — Development of positive moment
reinforcement
12.11.1
12.11.2
12.11.3
224 12.11.4
225 12.12 — Development of negative moment
reinforcement
12.12.1
12.12.2
12.12.3
12.12.4
226 12.13 — Development of web reinforcement
12.13.1
12.13.2
12.13.2.1
12.13.2.2
12.13.2.3
227 12.13.2.4
228 12.13.2.5
12.13.3
12.13.4
12.13.5
12.14 — Splices of reinforcement—General
12.14.1
12.14.2 — Lap splices
12.14.2.1
12.14.2.2
12.14.2.3
229 12.14.3 — Mechanical and welded splices
12.14.3.1
12.14.3.2
12.14.3.3
12.14.3.4
12.14.3.5
12.15 — Splices of deformed bars and
deformed wire in tension
12.15.1
230 12.15.2
231 12.15.3
12.15.4
12.15.4.1
12.15.4.2
12.15.4.3
12.15.5
12.16 — Splices of deformed bars in
compression
232 12.16.1
12.16.2
12.16.3
12.16.4 — End-bearing splices
12.16.4.1
12.16.4.2
12.16.4.3
12.17 — Special splice requirements for
columns
233 12.17.1
12.17.2 — Lap splices in columns
12.17.2.1
12.17.2.2
12.17.2.3
12.17.2.4
234 12.17.2.5
12.17.3 — Mechanical or welded splices in columns
12.17.4 — End-bearing splices in columns
12.18 — Splices of welded deformed wire
fabric in tension
12.18.1
12.18.2
235 12.18.3
12.19 — Splices of welded plain wire
fabric in tension
12.19.1
12.19.2
237 PART 5 — STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
CHAPTER 13 — TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS
13.0 — Notation
238 13.1 — Scope
13.1.1
13.1.2
239 13.1.3
13.1.4
13.2 — Definitions
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.3 — Slab reinforcement
13.3.1
240 13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.6.1
13.3.6.2
13.3.6.3
13.3.6.4
13.3.7
13.3.7.1
241 13.3.7.2
13.3.7.3
13.3.8 — Details of reinforcement in slabs without
beams
13.3.8.1
13.3.8.2
13.3.8.3
13.3.8.4
13.3.8.5
13.3.8.6
243 13.4 — Openings in slab systems
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.2.1
13.4.2.2
13.4.2.3
13.4.2.4
13.5 — Design procedures
13.5.1
244 13.5.1.1
13.5.1.2
13.5.1.3
245 13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.3.1
13.5.3.2
13.5.3.3
246 13.5.3.4
13.5.4
13.6 — Direct design method
13.6.1 — Limitations
247 13.6.1.1
13.6.1.2
13.6.1.3
13.6.1.4
13.6.1.5
13.6.1.6
248 13.6.1.7
13.6.1.8
13.6.2 — Total factored static moment for a span
13.6.2.1
13.6.2.2
13.6.2.3
13.6.2.4
13.6.2.5
249 13.6.3 — Negative and positive factored moments
13.6.3.1
13.6.3.2
13.6.3.3
13.6.3.4
13.6.3.5
250 13.6.3.6
13.6.4 — Factored moments in column strips
13.6.4.1
13.6.4.2
13.6.4.3
13.6.4.4
13.6.4.5
251 13.6.5 — Factored moments in beams
13.6.5.1
13.6.5.2
13.6.5.3
13.6.6 — Factored moments in middle strips
13.6.6.1
13.6.6.2
13.6.6.3
13.6.7 — Modification of factored moments
13.6.8 — Factored shear in slab systems with beams
13.6.8.1
13.6.8.2
13.6.8.3
252 13.6.8.4
13.6.8.5
13.6.9 — Factored moments in columns and walls
13.6.9.1
13.6.9.2
13.7 — Equivalent frame method
13.7.1
13.7.1.1
253 13.7.1.2
13.7.2 — Equivalent frame
13.7.2.1
13.7.2.2
13.7.2.3
13.7.2.4
13.7.2.5
13.7.2.6
254 13.7.3 — Slab-beams
13.7.3.1
13.7.3.2
13.7.3.3
13.7.4 — Columns
13.7.4.1
13.7.4.2
13.7.4.3
255 13.7.5 — Torsional members
13.7.5.1
13.7.5.2
13.7.6 — Arrangement of live load
13.7.6.1
13.7.6.2
13.7.6.3
256 13.7.6.4
13.7.7 — Factored moments
13.7.7.1
13.7.7.2
13.7.7.3
13.7.7.4
13.7.7.5
257 CHAPTER 14 — WALLS
14.0 — Notation
258 14.1 — Scope
14.1.1
14.1.2
14.2 — General
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.3 — Minimum reinforcement
259 14.3.1
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.3.5
14.3.6
14.3.7
14.4 — Walls designed as compression
members
260 14.5 — Empirical design method
14.5.1
14.5.2
14.5.3 — Minimum thickness of walls designed by
empirical design method
14.5.3.1
261 14.6 — Minimum wall thickness
14.6.1
14.6.2
14.7 — Walls as grade beams
14.7.1
14.7.2
14.8 — Alternative design of slender walls
14.8.1
14.8.2
14.8.2.1
14.8.2.2
14.8.2.3
14.8.2.4
14.8.2.5
262 14.8.2.6
14.8.3
14.8.4
263 CHAPTER 15 — FOOTINGS
15.0 — Notation
15.1 — Scope
15.1.1
15.1.2
15.2 — Loads and reactions
15.2.1
15.2.2
15.2.3
264 15.3 — Footings supporting circular or
regular polygon shaped columns
or pedestals
15.4 — Moment in footings
15.4.1
15.4.2
265 15.4.3
15.4.4
15.4.4.1
15.4.4.2
15.5 — Shear in footings
15.5.1
15.5.2
266 15.5.3
15.5.4
15.5.4.1
15.5.4.2
15.5.4.3
15.6 — Development of reinforcement in
footings
15.6.1
15.6.2
15.6.3
15.7 — Minimum footing depth
15.8 — Transfer of force at base of column,
wall, or reinforced pedestal
267 15.8.1
15.8.1.1
15.8.1.2
15.8.1.3
268 15.8.1.4
15.8.2
15.8.2.1
15.8.2.2
15.8.2.3
15.8.2.4
15.8.3
15.8.3.1
15.8.3.2
269 15.8.3.3
15.9 — Sloped or stepped footings
15.9.1
15.9.2
15.10 — Combined footings and mats
15.10.1
15.10.2
15.10.3
271 CHAPTER 16 — PRECAST CONCRETE
16.0 — Notation
16.1 — Scope
16.1.1
16.2 — General
16.2.1
16.2.2
16.2.3
272 16.2.4
16.3 — Distribution of forces among
members
16.3.1
16.3.2
16.3.2.1
16.3.2.2
273 16.4 — Member design
16.4.1
16.4.2
16.5 — Structural integrity
16.5.1
16.5.1.1
274 16.5.1.2
16.5.1.3
16.5.1.4
16.5.2
16.5.2.1
275 16.5.2.2
16.5.2.3
16.5.2.4
16.5.2.5
16.6 — Connection and bearing design
16.6.1
16.6.1.1
16.6.1.2
16.6.2
276 16.6.2.1
16.6.2.2
16.6.2.3
16.7 — Items embedded after concrete
placement
16.7.1
16.7.1.1
16.7.1.2
16.7.1.3
277 16.8 — Marking and identification
16.8.1
16.8.2
16.9 — Handling
16.9.1
16.9.2
16.10 — Strength evaluation of precast
construction
16.10.1
16.10.1.1
16.10.1.2
16.10.2
279 CHAPTER 17 — COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS
17.0 — Notation
17.1 — Scope
17.1.1
17.1.2
17.2 — General
17.2.1
17.2.2
17.2.3
280 17.2.4
17.2.5
17.2.6
17.2.7
17.3 — Shoring
17.4 — Vertical shear strength
17.4.1
17.4.2
17.4.3
281 17.5 — Horizontal shear strength
17.5.1
17.5.2
17.5.2.1
17.5.2.2
17.5.2.3
17.5.2.4
282 17.5.2.5
17.5.3
17.5.3.1
17.5.4
17.6 — Ties for horizontal shear
17.6.1
17.6.2
17.6.3
283 CHAPTER 18 — PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
18.0 — Notation
285 18.1 — Scope
18.1.1
18.1.2
18.1.3
287 18.1.4
18.2 — General
18.2.1
18.2.2
18.2.3
18.2.4
18.2.5
288 18.2.6
18.2.7
18.3 — Design assumptions
18.3.1
18.3.2
18.3.2.1
289 18.3.2.2
18.3.3
18.3.4
290 18.3.5
18.3.6
18.3.7
18.4 — Serviceability requirements—
Flexural members
18.4.1
291 18.4.2
292 18.4.3
18.5 — Permissible stresses in prestressing
steel
18.5.1
293 18.6 — Loss of prestress
18.6.1
294 18.6.2 — Friction loss in post-tensioning tendons
18.6.2.1
18.6.2.2
18.6.2.3
18.6.3
295 18.7 — Flexural strength
18.7.1
18.7.2
296 18.7.3
18.8 — Limits for reinforcement of flexural
members
18.8.1
18.8.2
18.8.3
18.9 — Minimum bonded reinforcement
18.9.1
297 18.9.2
18.9.2.1
18.9.2.2
18.9.3
18.9.3.1
18.9.3.2
18.9.3.3
298 18.9.4
18.9.4.1
18.9.4.2
18.9.4.3
18.10 — Statically indeterminate structures
18.10.1
18.10.2
18.10.3
299 18.10.4 — Redistribution of negative moments in
continuous prestressed flexural members
18.10.4.1
18.10.4.2
18.10.4.3
300 18.11 — Compression members—
Combined flexure and axial loads
18.11.1
18.11.2 — Limits for reinforcement of prestressed
compression members
18.11.2.1
18.11.2.2
18.11.2.3
301 18.12 — Slab systems
18.12.1
18.12.2
18.12.3
18.12.4
302 18.12.5
18.12.6
18.13 — Post-tensioned tendon anchorage
zones
18.13.1 — Anchorage zone
303 18.13.2 — Local zone
18.13.2.1
18.13.2.2
18.13.2.3
18.13.3 — General zone
18.13.3.1
18.13.3.2
18.13.3.3
304 18.13.4 — Nominal material strengths
18.13.4.1
18.13.4.2
18.13.4.3
18.13.5 — Design methods
305 18.13.5.1
18.13.5.2
306 18.13.5.3
18.13.5.4
18.13.5.5
18.13.5.6
18.13.5.7
18.13.5.8
18.13.6 — Detailing requirements
18.14 — Design of anchorage zones for
monostrand or single 5/8 in.
diameter bar tendons
18.14.1 — Local zone design
307 18.14.2
18.14.2.1
18.14.2.2
18.14.2.3
18.14.2.4
18.14.3 — General-zone design for groups of monostrand
tendons in beams and girders
308 18.15 — Design of anchorage zones for
multistrand tendons
18.15.1 — Local zone design
18.15.2 — Use of special anchorage devices
18.15.3 — General-zone design
18.16 — Corrosion protection for unbonded
single-strand prestressing tendons
18.16.1
18.16.2
18.16.3
309 18.16.4
18.17 — Post-tensioning ducts
18.17.1
18.17.2
18.17.3
18.17.4
18.18 — Grout for bonded tendons
310 18.18.1
18.18.2
18.18.2.1
18.18.2.2
18.18.2.3
18.18.2.4
18.18.2.5
18.18.3 — Selection of grout proportions
18.18.3.1
18.18.3.2
18.18.3.3
18.18.3.4
18.18.3.5
18.18.4 — Mixing and pumping grout
18.18.4.1
311 18.18.4.2
18.18.4.3
18.19 — Protection for prestressing steel
18.20 — Application and measurement of
prestressing force
18.20.1
18.20.2
18.20.3
18.20.4
312 18.21 — Post-tensioning anchorages and
couplers
18.21.1
18.21.2
18.21.3
18.21.4
18.22 — External post-tensioning
18.22.1
313 18.22.2
18.22.3
18.22.4
315 CHAPTER 19 — SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATE MEMBERS
19.0 — Notation
19.1 — Scope and definitions
19.1.1
316 19.1.2
19.1.3
19.1.4
19.1.5
19.1.6
19.1.7
317 19.1.8
19.1.9
19.2 — Analysis and design
19.2.1
19.2.2
19.2.3
19.2.4
318 19.2.5
19.2.6
19.2.7
19.2.8
319 19.2.9
19.2.10
19.2.11
19.3 — Design strength of materials
19.3.1
19.3.2
19.4 — Shell reinforcement
19.4.1
320 19.4.2
19.4.3
19.4.4
19.4.5
321 19.4.6
19.4.7
19.4.8
19.4.9
19.4.10
19.4.11
19.4.12
322 19.5 — Construction
19.5.1
19.5.2
323 PART 6 — SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 20 — STRENGTH EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
20.0 — Notation
20.1 — Strength evaluation — General
20.1.1
324 20.1.2
20.1.3
20.1.4
325 20.2 — Determination of required
dimensions and material properties
20.2.1
20.2.2
20.2.3
20.2.4
20.2.5
20.3 — Load test procedure
20.3.1 — Load arrangement
326 20.3.2 — Load intensity
20.3.3
20.4 — Loading criteria
20.4.1
20.4.2
20.4.3
20.4.4
20.4.5
20.4.6
327 20.5 — Acceptance criteria
20.5.1
20.5.2
20.5.3
328 20.5.4
20.5.5
20.6 — Provision for lower load rating
20.7 — Safety
20.7.1
20.7.2
329 CHAPTER 21 — SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
21.0 — Notation
332 21.1 — Definitions
335 21.2 — General requirements
21.2.1 — Scope
338 21.2.1.1
21.2.1.2
21.2.1.3
339 21.2.1.4
21.2.1.5
21.2.1.6
21.2.1.7
340 21.2.1.8
21.2.2 — Analysis and proportioning of structural
members
21.2.2.1
21.2.2.2
21.2.2.3
21.2.2.4
341 21.2.3 — Strength reduction factors
21.2.4 — Concrete in members resisting earthquake-induced forces
21.2.4.1
21.2.4.2
21.2.5 — Reinforcement in members resisting earthquake-
induced forces
342 21.2.6 — Mechanical splices
21.2.6.1
21.2.6.2
21.2.7 — Welded splices
21.2.7.1
21.2.7.2
21.2.8 — Anchoring to concrete
21.2.8.1
343 21.3 — Flexural members of special
moment frames
21.3.1 — Scope
21.3.1.1
21.3.1.2
21.3.1.3
21.3.1.4
21.3.2 — Longitudinal reinforcement
21.3.2.1
21.3.2.2
344 21.3.2.3
21.3.2.4
21.3.3 — Transverse reinforcement
21.3.3.1
21.3.3.2
21.3.3.3
21.3.3.4
21.3.3.5
345 21.3.3.6
21.3.4 — Shear strength requirements
21.3.4.1 — Design forces
21.3.4.2 — Transverse reinforcement
346 21.4 — Special moment frame members
subjected to bending and axial load
21.4.1 — Scope
21.4.1.1
21.4.1.2
347 21.4.2 — Minimum flexural strength of columns
21.4.2.1
21.4.2.2
21.4.2.3
21.4.3 — Longitudinal reinforcement
21.4.3.1
21.4.3.2
348 21.4.4 — Transverse reinforcement
21.4.4.1
21.4.4.2
21.4.4.3
21.4.4.4
349 21.4.4.5
21.4.4.6
21.4.5 — Shear strength requirements
21.4.5.1 — Design forces
350 21.4.5.2
21.5 — Joints of special moment frames
21.5.1 — General requirements
21.5.1.1
21.5.1.2
21.5.1.3
21.5.1.4
21.5.2 — Transverse reinforcement
21.5.2.1
21.5.2.2
351 21.5.2.3
21.5.3 — Shear strength
21.5.3.1
21.5.3.2
21.5.4 — Development length of bars in tension
21.5.4.1
21.5.4.2
352 21.5.4.3
21.5.4.4
21.6 — Special moment frames constructed
using precast concrete
21.6.1
353 21.6.2
354 21.6.3
21.7 — Special reinforced concrete structural
walls and coupling beams
21.7.1 — Scope
21.7.2 — Reinforcement
21.7.2.1
21.7.2.2
21.7.2.3
21.7.2.4
355 21.7.3 — Design forces
21.7.4 — Shear strength
21.7.4.1
21.7.4.2
21.7.4.3
21.7.4.4
21.7.4.5
356 21.7.5 — Design for flexure and axial loads
21.7.5.1
21.7.5.2
21.7.6 — Boundary elements of special reinforced
concrete structural walls
21.7.6.1
357 21.7.6.2
21.7.6.3
21.7.6.4
358 21.7.6.5
21.7.6.6
359 21.7.7 — Coupling beams
21.7.7.1
21.7.7.2
21.7.7.3
21.7.7.4
360 21.7.8 — Construction joints
21.7.9 — Discontinuous walls
21.7.10 — Wall-to-slab joints
21.7.10.1
21.7.10.2
21.7.10.3
21.8 — Special structural walls
constructed using precast
concrete
21.8.1
21.9 — Structural diaphragms and trusses
21.9.1 — Scope
361 21.9.2 — Cast-in-place composite-topping slab
diaphragms
21.9.3 — Cast-in-place topping slab diaphragms
21.9.4 — Minimum thickness of diaphragms
21.9.5 — Reinforcement
21.9.5.1
21.9.5.2
21.9.5.3
362 21.9.5.4
21.9.5.5
21.9.6 — Design forces
21.9.7 — Shear strength
21.9.7.1
21.9.7.2
21.9.7.3
21.9.8 — Boundary elements of structural diaphragms
21.9.8.1
21.9.8.2
363 21.9.8.3
21.9.9 — Construction joints
21.10 — Foundations
21.10.1 — Scope
21.10.1.1
21.10.1.2
21.10.2 — Footings, foundation mats, and pile caps
21.10.2.1
21.10.2.2
21.10.2.3
21.10.2.4
364 21.10.3 — Grade beams and slabs-on-grade
21.10.3.1
21.10.3.2
21.10.3.3
21.10.3.4
21.10.4 — Piles, piers, and caissons
21.10.4.1
21.10.4.2
21.10.4.3
365 21.10.4.4
21.10.4.5
21.10.4.6
21.11 — Frame members not proportioned
to resist forces induced by earthquake
motions
21.11.1
21.11.2
366 21.11.2.1
21.11.2.2
21.11.2.3
21.11.3
21.11.3.1
21.11.3.2
21.11.3.3
21.11.4
21.12 — Requirements for intermediate
moment frames
21.12.1
367 21.12.2
21.12.3
21.12.4 — Beams
21.12.4.1
21.12.4.2
21.12.4.3
21.12.5 — Columns
21.12.5.1
368 21.12.5.2
21.12.5.3
21.12.5.4
21.12.5.5
21.12.6 — Two-way slabs without beams
21.12.6.1
21.12.6.2
21.12.6.3
21.12.6.4
369 21.12.6.5
21.12.6.6
21.12.6.7
21.12.6.8
370 21.13 — Intermediate precast structural
walls
21.13.1
21.13.2
21.13.3
371 PART 7 — STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE
CHAPTER 22 — STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE
373 COMMENTARY REFERENCES
Ref – Chapter 1
Ref – Chapter 2
Ref – Chapter 3
Ref – Chapter 4
375 Ref – Chapter 5
Ref – Chapter 6
376 Ref – Chapter 7
Ref – Chapter 8
377 Ref – Chapter 9
Ref – Chapter 10
379 Ref – Chapter 11
381 Ref – Chapter 12
382 Ref – Chapter 13
Ref – Chapter 14
383 Ref – Chapter 15
Ref – Chapter 16
Ref – Chapter 17
384 Ref – Chapter 18
385 Ref – Chapter 19
Ref – Chapter 21
387 References- Appendix B
References- Appendix C
References- Appendix D
388 References- Appendix G
391 APPENDIX A — NOT USED
393 APPENDIX B — ALTERNATIVE PROVISIONS FOR REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLEXURAL AND COMPRESSION MEMBERS
B.0 — Notation
B.1 — Scope
B.8.4 — Redistribution of negative moments in
continuous nonprestressed flexural
members
B.8.4.1
394 B.8.4.2
B.8.4.3
395 B.10.3 — General principles and requirements
B.10.3.3
397 APPENDIX C — ALTERNATIVE LOAD FACTORS, STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS, AND DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT
C.1 — General
C.1.1
C.1.2
C.9.2 — Required strength
C.9.2.1
C.9.2.2
C.9.2.3
398 C.9.2.4
C.9.2.5
C.9.2.6
C.9.2.7
399 C.9.2.8
C.9.2.9
C.9.2.9.1
C.9.2.9.2
C.9.2.9.3
C.9.3 — Design strength
C.9.3.1
400 C.9.3.2
C.9.3.2.1
C.9.3.2.2
401 C.9.3.2.3
C.9.3.2.4
C.9.3.2.5
C.9.3.2.6
C.9.3.3
C.9.3.4
402 C.10.6 — Distribution of flexural reinforcement in
beams and one-way slabs
C.10.6.1
C.10.6.2
C.10.6.3
C.10.6.4
403 C.10.6.5
404 C.10.6.6
405 APPENDIX D — ANCHORING TO CONCRETE
D.0 — Notation
408 D.1 — Definitions
410 D.2 — Scope
D.2.1
D.2.2
D.2.3
D.2.4
D.3 — General requirements
D.3.1
411 D.3.2
D.3.3
D.3.3.1
D.3.3.2
D.3.3.3
412 D.3.3.4
D.3.3.5
D.3.4
D.3.5
D.4 — General requirements for strength of anchors
D.4.1
413 D.4.1.1
D.4.1.2
D.4.1.3
414 D.4.2
D.4.2.1
415 D.4.2.2
D.4.3
416 D.4.4
D.4.5
417 D.5 — Design requirements for tensile loading
D.5.1 — Steel strength of anchor in tension
D.5.1.1
D.5.1.2
418 D.5.2 — Concrete breakout strength of anchor in
tension
D.5.2.1
D.5.2.2
420 D.5.2.3
D.5.2.4
421 D.5.2.5
422 D.5.2.6
D.5.2.7
D.5.3 — Pullout strength of anchor in tension
D.5.3.1
D.5.3.2
D.5.3.3
D.5.3.4
423 D.5.3.5
D.5.3.6
D.5.4 — Concrete side-face blowout strength of a
headed anchor in tension
D.5.4.1
D.5.4.2
D.6 — Design requirements for shear loading
D.6.1 — Steel strength of anchor in shear
D.6.1.1
D.6.1.2
424 D.6.1.3
D.6.2 — Concrete breakout strength of anchor in
shear
D.6.2.1
425 D.6.2.2
D.6.2.3
427 D.6.2.4
D.6.2.5
D.6.2.6
D.6.2.7
428 D.6.3 — Concrete pryout strength of anchor in shear
D.6.3.1
D.7 — Interaction of tensile and shear forces
D.7.1
D.7.2
D.7.3
429 D.8 — Required edge distances, spacings, and thicknesses to preclude splitting failure
D.8.1
D.8.2
D.8.3
D.8.4
430 D.8.5
D.8.6
D.9 — Installation of anchors
D.9.1
431 APPENDIX E — NOTATION
445 APPENDIX F — METAL REINFORCEMENT INFORMATION
447 APPENDIX G — CIRCULAR WIRE AND STRAND WRAPPED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURES
G.0 — Notation
G.1 — Scope
448 G.2 — Design
G.2.1 — Strength and serviceability
G.2.1.1 — Strength
G.2.1.2 — Corrosion protection of prestressed
reinforcement
G.2.1.2.1
G.2.1.2.2
G.2.2 — Wall design
G.2.2.1 — Design methods
449 G.2.2.2 — Wall types
G.2.2.2.1
450 G.2.2.2.2 — Liquid-tightness and crack control
for liquid-containment structures
G.2.2.3 — Wall proportions
G.2.2.4 — Circumferential prestressing
G.2.2.4.1
G.2.2.4.2
G.2.2.5 — Wall edge restraints and other
secondary bending
451 G.2.2.6 — Design of vertical reinforcement
G.2.2.6.1
G.2.2.6.2
452 G.2.2.7 — Wall penetrations
G.2.3 — Roof design
G.2.3.1 — Dome roofs
G.2.3.1.1
G.2.3.1.2
453 G.2.3.1.3 — Reinforcement area
G.2.3.1.4 — Dome ring
454 G.3 — Materials
G.3.1 — Shotcrete
G.3.1.1 — General
G.3.1.2 — Allowable chlorides
G.3.1.3 — Proportioning
G.3.1.3.1
G.3.1.3.2
G.3.1.4 — Compressive strength
G.3.2 — Reinforcement
G.3.2.1 — Nonprestressed reinforcement
G.3.2.1.1
G.3.2.1.2
455 G.3.2.1.3
G.3.2.2 — Circumferential prestressed reinforcement
G.3.2.2.1
G.3.2.2.2
G.3.2.2.3
456 G.3.3 — Waterstop, bearing pad, and filler materials
G.3.3.1 — Waterstops
G.3.3.2 — Bearing pads
G.3.3.2.1
G.3.3.2.2
G.3.3.2.3
G.3.3.3 — Sponge filler
G.3.4 — Sealer for steel diaphragm
G.3.4.1 — Polysulfide sealant
457 G.3.4.2 — Epoxy sealer
G.3.4.3 — Mechanical seaming
G.4 — Construction procedures
G.4.1 — Concrete
G.4.1.1 — Scope
G.4.1.2 — Precast concrete core walls
G.4.1.2.1
G.4.1.2.2
G.4.1.2.3
G.4.1.2.4
G.4.2 — Shotcrete
G.4.2.1 — Construction procedures
G.4.2.2 — Shotcrete core walls
458 G.4.2.3 — Surface preparation of core wall
G.4.2.4 — Shotcrete covercoat
G.4.2.4.1
G.4.2.4.2
G.4.2.4.3
G.4.2.4.4
G.4.2.4.5
459 G.4.2.4.6
G.4.2.5 — Thickness control of shotcrete core
walls and covercoats
G.4.2.5.1
G.4.2.5.2
G.4.2.6 — Cold-weather shotcreting
G.4.3 — Forming
G.4.3.1 — Slipforming
G.4.3.2 — Steel diaphragms
G.4.3.2.1
G.4.3.2.2
460 G.4.4 — Nonprestressed reinforcement—concrete
and shotcrete cover
G.4.4.1
G.4.4.2
G.4.5 — Prestressed reinforcement—wire or strand
winding
G.4.5.1 — Qualifications
G.4.5.2 — Anchoring of wire or strand
G.4.5.3 — Splicing of wire or strand
G.4.5.4 — Concrete or shotcrete strength
G.4.5.5 — Stress measurements and wire or strand
winding records
G.4.5.5.1
G.4.5.5.2
461 G.4.5.6 — Prestressed reinforcement stress
adjustment
G.4.5.7 — Spacing of prestressed reinforcement
G.4.6 — Tolerances
G.4.6.1 — Tank radius
G.4.6.2 — Localized tank radius
G.4.6.3 — Vertical walls
G.4.6.4 — Wall thickness
G.4.6.5 — Precast panels
G.4.6.6 — Concrete domes
G.4.7 — Earthquake cables
G.4.7.1 — Separation sleeves
462 G.4.7.2 — Protection
G.4.8 — Elastomeric bearing pads
G.4.8.1 — Positioning
G.4.8.2 — Free-sliding joints
G.4.9 — Sponge rubber fillers
G.4.9.1 — General
G.4.9.2 — Voids
463 APPENDIX H — SLABS-ON-SOIL
H.1 — Scope
H.2 — Subgrade
H.2.1
H.2.2
H.2.3
H.2.4
464 H.2.5
H.3 — Slab thickness
H.3.1
H.3.2
H.3.3
H.3.4
H.4 — Reinforcement
H.4.1
H.4.2
465 H.4.3
H.4.4
H.5 — Joints
H.5.1
H.5.2
466 H.6 — Hydrostatic uplift
H.6.1
H.7 — Curing
H.7.1
467 APPENDIX I — ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD
I.0 — Notation
468 I.1 — Scope
I.1.1
I.1.2
I.1.3
I.1.4
469 I.2 — General
I.2.1
I.2.2
I.2.3
I.3 — Permissible service load stresses
470 I.3.1
472 I.3.2
I.3.3
I.4 — Development and splices of reinforcement
I.4.1
I.4.2
I.5 — Flexure
I.5.1
473 I.5.2
I.5.3
I.5.4
I.5.5
I.6 — Compression members with or without flexure
I.6.1
I.6.2
I.6.3
I.7 — Shear and torsion
I.7.1
I.7.2
474 I.7.3
I.7.4 — Shear stress carried by concrete
I.7.4.1
I.7.4.2
I.7.4.3
I.7.4.4
I.7.4.5
I.7.4.6
475 I.7.4.7
I.7.5 — Shear stress carried by shear reinforcement
I.7.5.1 — Types of shear reinforcement
I.7.5.2
I.7.5.3
I.7.5.4 — Spacing limits for shear reinforcement
I.7.5.4.1
I.7.5.4.2
I.7.5.4.3
I.7.5.4.4
476 I.7.5.5 — Minimum shear reinforcement
I.7.5.5.1
I.7.5.5.2
I.7.5.5.3
I.7.5.6 — Design of shear reinforcement
I.7.5.6.1
I.7.5.6.2
I.7.5.6.3
I.7.5.6.4
I.7.5.6.5
477 I.7.5.6.6
I.7.5.6.7
I.7.5.6.8
I.7.6 — Shear-friction
I.7.7 — Special provisions for slabs and footings
I.7.7.1
I.7.7.1.1
I.7.7.1.2
I.7.7.2
I.7.7.3
478 I.7.7.4
I.7.7.5
I.7.8 — Special provisions for other members
I.7.9 — Composite concrete flexural members
479 INDEX
485 SUMMARY OF CHANGES FOR 350-06 CODE
CHAPTER 1 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 2 — DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER 3 — MATERIALS
CHAPTER 4 — DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 5 — CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING
486 CHAPTER 6 — FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES,
AND CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT
JOINTS
CHAPTER 7 — DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
CHAPTER 8 — ANALYSIS AND DESIGN—GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 9 — STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 10 — FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS
CHAPTER 11 — SHEAR AND TORSION
487 CHAPTER 12 — DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF
REINFORCEMENT
CHAPTER 13 — TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 14 — WALLS
CHAPTER 15 — FOOTINGS
CHAPTER 16 — PRECAST CONCRETE
CHAPTER 17 — COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL
MEMBERS
CHAPTER 18 — PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
488 CHAPTER 19 — SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATE MEMBERS
CHAPTER 20 — STRENGTH EVALUATION OF
EXISTING STRUCTURES
CHAPTER 21 — SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
APPENDIX B — ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE FLEXURAL AND
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
APPENDIX C — ALTERNATIVE LOAD FACTORS,
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS,
AND DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL
REINFORCEMENT
APPENDIX D — ANCHORING TO CONCRETE
489 APPENDIX G — CIRCULAR WIRE AND STRAND
WRAPPED PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE ENVIRONMENTAL
STRUCTURES
APPENDIX H — SLABS-ON-SOIL
APPENDIX I — ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD

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