ACI 350 2020

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ACI 350-20: Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI 350-20) and Commentary (ACI 350R-20)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ACI	2020	553

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Description

The “Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures” (Code) portion of this document covers the structural design, materials selection, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Such structures are used for conveying, storing, or treating water and wastewater, other liquids, and solid waste. The term “solid waste” as used in the Code encompasses the heterogeneous mass of disposed-of materials, as well as more homogeneous agricultural, industrial, and mineral wastes.

The Code also covers the evaluation of existing environmental engineering concrete structures.

Environmental engineering concrete structures are subject to uniquely different loadings and severe exposure conditions that require more restrictive serviceability requirements and may provide longer service lives than non-environmental structures.

Loadings include normal dead and live loads, earth pressure loads, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads, and vibrating equipment loads. Exposures include concentrated chemicals, alternate wetting and drying, high-velocity flowing liquids, and freezing and thawing of saturated concrete. Serviceability requirements include liquid-tightness, gas-tightness, and durability.

Proper design, materials, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures are required to produce serviceable concrete that is dense, durable, nearly impermeable, and resistant to relevant chemicals, with limited deflections and cracking. This includes minimizing leakage and control over the infiltration of, or contamination to, the environment or groundwater.

The Code presents additional material as well as modified portions of the ACI 318-05, ACI 318-08, and ACI 318-11 building codes that are applicable to environmental engineering concrete structures.

The Commentary discusses some of the considerations of the committee in developing the ACI 350 Code, and its relationship with ACI 318. Emphasis is given to the explanation of provisions that may be unfamiliar to some users of the Code. References to much of the research data referred to in preparing the Code are given for those who wish to study certain requirements in greater detail.

The chapter and section numbering of the Code are followed throughout the Commentary.

Among the subjects covered are: drawings and specifications, inspections, materials, concrete quality, mixing and placing, forming, embedded pipes, joints, reinforcement details, analysis and design, strength and serviceability, flexural and axial loads, shear and torsion, development of reinforcement, slab systems, walls, footings, precast concrete, prestressed concrete, shell structures, folded plate members, provisions for seismic design, and an alternate design method in Appendix A.

The quality and testing of materials used in the construction are covered by reference to the appropriate standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate AWS standard. Criteria for liquid-tightness and gas-tightness testing may be found in ACI 350.1.

Keywords:

chemical attack; coatings; concrete durability; concrete finishing (fresh concrete); concrete slabs, crack width and spacing; cracking (fracturing); environmental engineering; hydraulic structures; inspection; joints (junctions); joint sealers; liners; liquid; patching; permeability; pipe columns; pipes (tubes); prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; protective coatings; reservoirs; roofs; serviceability; sewerage; solid waste facilities; tanks (containers); temperature; torque; torsion; vibration; volume change; walls; wastewater treatment; water; water-cementitious materials ratio; water supply; water treatment.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
3	TITLE PAGE
4	PREFACE
5	INTRODUCTION GENERAL COMMENTARY
16	1.2—Contract documents
17	1.3—Inspection
20	1.4—Approval of special systems of design or construction
21	CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS 2.1—Code notation
40	2.2—Definitions
103	5.3—Proportioning concrete on the basis of field experience or trial mixtures, or both
108	5.4—Proportioning shotcrete on the basis of field experience or trial mixtures, or both
112	5.5—Average compressive strength reduction for concrete
113	5.6—Average compressive strength reduction for shotcrete 5.7—Evaluation and acceptance of concrete and shotcrete
119	5.8—Preparation of equipment and place of deposit
120	5.9—Mixing
121	5.10—Conveying concrete and wet-mix shotcrete 5.11—Depositing of concrete
122	5.12—Application of shotcrete 5.13—Curing
124	5.14—Cold weather requirements 5.15—Hot weather requirements
125	CHAPTER 6—FORMWORK AND EMBEDMENTS 6.1—Design of formwork 6.2—Removal of forms, shores, and reshoring
127	6.3—Embedments in concrete and shotcrete
129	CHAPTER 7—JOINTS 7.1—Jointing
134	7.2—Construction joints
135	7.3—Crack-inducing joints
136	7.4—Movement joints
137	7.5—Joint accessories
143	CHAPTER 7—JOINTS CHAPTER 8—ANALYSIS AND DESIGN – GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 8.1—Design methods 8.2—Loading
144	8.3—Methods of analysis
145	8.4—Redistribution of moments in continuous flexural members
147	8.5—Modulus of elasticity 8.6—Lightweight concrete
148	8.7—Stiffness 8.8—Effective stiffness to determine lateral deflections
149	8.9—Span length
150	8.10—Columns 8.11—Arrangement of live load
151	8.12—T-beam construction 8.13—Joist construction
152	8.14—Separate floor finish
153	CHAPTER 9—STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS 9.1—General 9.2—Required strength
158	9.3—Design strength
162	9.4—Design strength for reinforcement 9.5—Control of deflections
169	CHAPTER 10—FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS 10.1—Scope 10.2—Design assumptions
171	10.3—General principles and requirements
173	10.4—Distance between lateral supports of flexural members
174	10.5—Minimum reinforcement of flexural members 10.6—Distribution of flexural reinforcement
178	10.7—Deep beams
179	10.8—Design dimensions for compression members 10.9—Limits for reinforcement of compression members
181	10.10—Slenderness effects in compression members
188	10.11—Axially loaded members supporting slab system 10.12—Transmission of column loads through floor system
189	10.13—Composite compression members
191	10.14—Bearing strength
193	CHAPTER 11—SHEAR AND TORSION 11.1—Shear strength
196	11.2—Shear strength provided by concrete for nonprestressed members
198	11.3—Shear strength provided by concrete for prestressed members
201	11.4—Shear strength provided by shear reinforcement
206	11.5—Design for torsion
216	11.6—Shear-friction
220	11.7—Deep beams 11.8—Provisions for brackets and corbels
224	11.9—Provisions for walls
226	11.10—Transfer of moments to columns 11.11—Provisions for slabs and footings
239	CHAPTER 12—REINFORCEMENT—DETAILS, DEVELOPMENT, AND SPLICES 12.1—Standard hooks 12.2—Minimum bend diameters
240	12.3—Bending 12.4—Surface conditions of reinforcement
241	12.5—Placing reinforcement
242	12.6—Spacing limits for reinforcement
243	12.7—Concrete protection for reinforcement
248	12.8—Development
268	12.9—Splices
276	12.10—Lateral reinforcement
280	12.11—Reinforcement details for columns 12.12—Connections
281	12.13—Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
288	12.14—Requirements for structural integrity
291	CHAPTER 13—EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT STRUCTURES 13.1—General requirements
298	13.2—Ordinary moment frames
304	13.4—Intermediate precast structural walls 13.5—Flexural members of special moment frames
311	13.6—Special moment frame members subjected to bending and axial load
315	13.7—Joints of special moment frames
318	13.8—Special moment frames constructed using precast concrete
320	13.9—Special structural walls and coupling beams
329	13.10—Special structural walls constructed using precast concrete 13.11—Structural diaphragms and trusses
334	13.12—Foundations
336	13.13—Members not designated as part of the seismic-force-resisting system
339	CHAPTER 14—TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS 14.1—Scope
340	14.2—General 14.3—Slab reinforcement
344	14.4—Openings in slab systems
345	14.5—Design procedures
348	14.6—Direct design method
354	14.7—Equivalent frame method
359	CHAPTER 15—WALLS 15.1—Scope 15.2—General 15.3—Walls prestressed circumferentially by wrapping with high-strength steel wire or strand
362	15.4—Minimum reinforcement
363	15.5—Walls designed as compression members 15.6—Empirical Design Method
365	15.7—Minimum wall thickness 15.8—Walls as grade beams
367	CHAPTER 16—FOOTINGS 16.1—Scope 16.2—Loads and reactions
368	16.3—Footings supporting circular or regular polygon-shaped columns or pedestals 16.4—Moment in footings 16.5—Shear in footings
370	16.6—Development of reinforcement in footings 16.7—Minimum footing depth 16.8—Transfer of force at base of column, wall, or reinforced pedestal
372	16.9—Sloped or stepped footings 16.10—Combined footings and mats
375	CHAPTER 17—PRECAST CONCRETE 17.1—Scope 17.2—General
376	17.3—Distribution of forces among members
377	17.4—Member design 17.5—Structural integrity
379	17.6—Connection and bearing design
381	17.7—Items embedded after concrete placement 17.8—Marking and identification 17.9—Handling
382	17.10—Strength evaluation of precast construction
383	CHAPTER 18—COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS 18.1—Scope 18.2—General
384	18.3—Shoring 18.4—Vertical shear strength 18.5—Horizontal shear strength
385	18.6—Ties for horizontal shear
387	CHAPTER 19—PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 19.1—Scope
388	19.2—General
389	19.3—Design assumptions
391	19.4—Serviceability requirements—flexural members
394	19.5—Permissible stresses in prestressing steel 19.6—Loss of prestress
396	19.7—Flexural strength
397	19.8—Limits for reinforcement of flexural members
398	19.9—Minimum bonded reinforcement
400	19.10—Statically indeterminate structures
401	19.11—Compression members—combined flexure and axial loads
403	19.12—Slab systems
405	19.13—Post-tensioned tendon anchorage zones
410	19.14—Design of anchorage zones for monostrand or single 5/8 in. diameter bar tendons
411	19.15—Design of anchorage zones for multistrand tendons
412	19.16—Corrosion protection for unbonded single-strand prestressing tendons
414	19.17—Post-tensioning ducts 19.18—Grout for bonded tendons
416	19.19—Protection for prestressing steel 19.20—Application and measurement of prestressing force
417	19.21—Post-tensioning anchorages and couplers
418	19.22—External post-tensioning
419	CHAPTER 20—SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATE MEMBERS 20.1—Scope and definitions
421	20.2—Analysis and design
426	20.3—Design strength of materials 20.4—Shell reinforcement
428	20.5—Construction
429	CHAPTER 21—LIQUID-CONTAINING GROUND-SUPPORTED SLABS 21.1—Scope
430	21.2—Slab support
431	21.3—Slab thickness
432	21.4—Reinforcement 21.5—Joints
433	21.6—Hydrostatic uplift 21.7—Curing
435	CHAPTER 22—STRENGTH EVALUATION AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES 22.1—General
437	22.2—Determination of required dimensions and material properties
438	22.3—Condition survey of structures
439	22.4—Field and laboratory testing
440	22.5—Tightness testing 22.6—Evaluation report
441	22.7—Load testing
443	APPENDIX A—ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD A.1—Scope
444	A.2—General A.3—Allowable stresses at service loads
446	A.4—Development and splices of reinforcement A.5—Flexure
447	A.6—Compression members with or without flexure A.7—Shear and torsion
453	APPENDIX B—STRUT-AND-TIE MODELS B.1—Definitions

Additional information

Standard Title	ACI 350-20: Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI 350-20) and Commentary (ACI 350R-20)
Published Code	ACI
Publication Date	2020
Pages Count	553

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