The Advanced Energy Design Guide – Achieving Zero Energy series provides a cost effective approach to achieve advanced levels of energy savings. The four-color Guides offer contractors and designers the tools, including recommendations for practical products and off-the-shelf technology, needed for achieving Zero Energy which is defined as a building that, on an annual basis, draws from outside resources equal or less energy than it provides using on-site renewable energy sources. This Guide been developed through the collaboration of ASHRAE, the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES), and the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), with support from the Department of Energy (DOE), to help meet all of an owner’s energy performance requirements. In an effort to promote building energy efficiency, ASHRAE and its partners have made these Guides available for download (PDF) at no charge. For K-12 school buildings, and applies to all sizes and classifications (elementary, middle, high). Space types covered include administrative and office space, classrooms, hallways, restrooms, gymnasiums and multipurpose rooms, libraries, and food preparation and dining areas. The Guide establishes a set of energy performance goals for achieving zero energy. The goals are provided for all ASHRAE climate zones, in both site and source energy. Strategies on how to achieve these energy targets are provided throughout the guide.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
2	Advanced Energy Design Guide for K–12 School Buildings—Achieving Zero Energy
3	PROJECT COMMITTEE STEERING COMMITTEE
6	Contents
10	Sidebars, Case Studies, and Technical Examples
12	Acknowledgments
14	Abbreviations and Acronyms
16	Foreword: A Message to Administrators
18	Chapter 1: Introduction WHY BUILD A ZERO ENERGY SCHOOL? STUDENT LEARNING AND STUDENT SUCCESS SOUND FISCAL MANAGEMENT
19	ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP ZERO ENERGY DEFINITION
20	GOAL OF THIS GUIDE SCOPE
21	ENERGY TARGETS AND BASELINE BUILDING
22	HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE Figure 1-1 Typical elementary school floor plan
23	Figure 1-2 (a) Site EUI comparison by climate zone, (b) source EUI comparison by climate zone.
24	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
26	Case Study—Dearing Elementary School
28	Chapter 2: Rationale for Zero Energy HIGH PERFORMANCE LERANING ENVIRONMENTS INDOOR AIR QUALITY
29	THERMAL COMFORT ACOUSTIC COMFORT VISUAL COMFORT AND DAYLIGHTING
30	LEARNING ENVIRONMENT Figure 2-1 Dining commons at Discovery Elementary School
31	Figure 2-2 Students in Solar Laboratory.
32	Leading the Way Forward: Teaching and Learning with Zero Energy
33	PRINCIPLES FOR SUCCESS FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
34	CREATING THE CULTURE
35	DEVELOPING COLLABORATIVE SYNERGIES STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION
36	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
38	Case Study—Richard J. Lee Elementary School
40	Chapter 3: Zero Energy Schools: Keys to Success BUILDING THE TEAM IDENTIFY A CHAMPION WRITE A COMPELLING REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL
41	HIRE AN EXPERT A/E TEAM MATCH PROCUREMENT TO PERFORMANCE
43	PROJECT PLANNING BUDGETING AND PLANNING
44	Comparing Costs for Zero Energy Schools to Costs for Other Equivalent Schools
46	SCHEDULING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SETTING PROJECT GOALS
47	Figure 3-1 Integrated design process for a zero energy building.
49	Basis of Design (BOD) DEVELOPING ENERGY BUDGET AND KEY PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
51	Table 3-1 Target EUI
52	Figure 3-2 Climate zone map for U.S. states and counties.
53	Figure 3-3 Energy synergies graph.
54	Figure 3-4 Energy balance diagram.
55	QUALITY ASSURANCE AND COMMISSIONING
56	COMMISSIONING DURING CONSTRUCTION
57	MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION POSTOCCUPANCY PERFORMANCE
58	ONGOING COMMISSIONING REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
60	Case Study—Discovery Elementary School
62	Chapter 4: Building Performance Simulation INTRODUCTION SIMULATION TEAM
63	SIMULATION TYPES
64	SIMULATION PROCESS AND STRATEGIES CLIMATE FORM AND SHAPE
65	Figure 4-1 (a) Annual temperature stress by month and (b) wind speed and direction.
66	WINDOW-TO-WALL RATIO SHADING Figure 4-2 Varying geometries to analyze impact of form/shape.
67	ENVELOPE Figure 4-3 Solar analysis.
68	USER BEHAVIOR EQUIPMENT SCHEDULES AND LOADS Figure 4-4 Exterior wall insulation versus EUI.
69	LIGHTING NATURAL VENTILATION INFILTRATION DAYLIGHTING AUTONOMY AND GLARE ANALYSIS
70	RAY TRACE ANALYSIS HEATING AND COOLING LOADS Figure 4-5 Spatial daylighting autonomy (sDA) analysis.
71	Evaluating Daylighting Performance
72	Comparing Mechanical Systems
73	MECHANICAL SYSTEMS COMPARISONS REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
74	Case Study—Odyssey Elementary School
76	Case Study—Hollis Montessori School
78	Chapter 5: How-To Strategies BUILDING AND SITE PLANNING OVERVIEW
79	Table 5-1 Summary of Strategies and Recommendations
80	SITE DESIGN STRATEGIES
81	BUILDING MASSING Figure 5-1 (BP2) Site analysis plan—Poquoson Elementary School.
83	BUILDING ORIENTATION Figure 5-2 (BP9) Solar pat illustration.
84	BUILDING DESIGN STRATEGIES
86	PLANNING FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
87	Table 5-2 (BP9) PV Area as Percent of Gross Floor Area
90	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES ENVELOPE Figure 5-3 Heating and cooling loads by climate zone.
91	AIR BARRIER SYSTEM Figure 5-4 Continuous air barrier.
92	THERMAL MASS ROOF CONSTRUCTION
93	BUILDING INSULATION—OPAQUE COMPONENTS Table 5-3 (EN6) Envelope Construction Factors
96	Figure 5-5 (EN14) Slab insulation.
97	BUILDING INSULATION—THERMAL BRIDGING Table 5-4 Envelope Material Conductivity
99	Figure 5-6 (EN20) Wall transition with insulation continous to foundation. Figure 5-7 (EN20) Wall transition with insulation.
100	Figure 5-8 (EN20) Wall transition where shelf angle carries brick above grade.
101	Figure 5-9 (EN22) Cavity wall insulaiton.
102	Figure 5-10 (EN23) Shelf angle installation.
104	Figure 5-11 (EN29) Parapet insulation.
105	Figure 5-12 (EN31) Through-wall scupper insulation. Figure 5-13 (EN32) Plumbing vent insulation.
106	OVERVIEW Figure 5-14 (EN33) Roof drain insulation.
107	BUILDING FENESTRATION
110	Maintain Internal Surface Temperatures Table 5-5 (EN46) Fenestration Criteria
111	Table 5-6 (EN48) SHGC Multipliers for Permanent Projections
112	Figure 5-15 (EN51) Top view of a window system to opaque wall connection. Figure 5-16 (EN51) Exterior door insulation installation.
114	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
115	DAYLIGHTING OVERVIEW DESIGN STRATEGIES
116	Figure 5-17 Fenestration example.
118	Dynamic Daylight Metrics Table 5-7 (DL3) Recommended Daylight Design Criteria
119	Figure 5-18 (DL6) Fenestration ratios.
120	Table 5-8 (DL6) Recommended Daylight Fenestration to Floor Area (DFA) Ratios
122	Figure 5-19 (DL8) Fenestration shading examples.
123	Table 5-9 (DL12) Minimum Interior Surface Reflectance
124	CLASSROOM SIDELIGHTING Figure 5-20 (DL14) Example classroom sidelighting strategies for both north and south orientations.
125	Figure 5-21 (DL15) Louvers blocking direct beam radiation.
126	Figure 5-22 (DL15) Fiber-filled glazing diffuses sunlight. Figure 5-23 (DL15) Light shelf using blinds between panes of glazing.
127	Figure 5-24 (DL15) Light redirection in a classroom.
128	CLASSROOM SIDELIGHTING WITH TOPLIGHTING GYMNASIUM/MULTIPURPOSE ROOM LIGHTING REFERENCES AND RESOURCES Figure 5-25 (DL17) Sidelighting enhanced with toplighting or roof monitors.
129	ELECTRIC LIGHTING OVERVIEW LUMINAIRE STRATEGIES
130	Table 5-10 (EL1) Recommendations for LED Luminaires
131	DESIGN METRICS
132	Evaluating Color Rendition and Quality Figure 5-26 (EL3) Color temperature chart.
133	DESIGN STRATEGIES Figure 5-27 (EL4) MacAdam steps—standard deviation color matching.
135	Figure 5-28 (EL9) Example of scalloping patterns and dark ceilings.
136	CONTROL STRATEGIES Figure 5-29 (EL10) Example of asymmetric versus symmetric luminaire layouts.
137	Figure 5-30 (EL10) Lighting as wayfinding.
138	FIgure 5-31 (EL11) Measured versus percieved light.
140	FIgure 5-32 (EL15) (Left) 0–10 V and (right) DALI wiring schemes.
141	Figure 5-33 (EL16) Sensor study findings.
143	SPACE SPECIFIC STRATEGIES Table 5-11 Lighting Power Densities
145	Figure 5-34 (EL23) Typical classroom ceiling layout.
146	Figure 5-35 (EL24) Typical elementary school gymnasium/multipurpose room layout.
147	Figure 5-36 (EL25) Typical elementary school library layout.
148	Figure 5-37 (EL26) (a) Corridor layout 1 and (b) corridor layout 2.
150	EXTERIOR LIGHTING Figure 5-38 (EL27) (a) Administrative offices layout 1 and (b) administrative offices layout 2.
151	Figure 5-39 (EL28) BUG rating chart example.
152	Exterior Sports Field Lighting
153	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
155	PLUG LOADS AND POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OVERVIEW PLUG LOAD MANAGEMENT
156	Figure 5-40 (PL2) Thermographic image of teacher’s desk.
158	POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
159	Figure 5-41 (PL7) Typical classroom wing power distribution.
160	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES KITCHEN EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW
161	EQUIPMENT AND DESIGN STRATEGIES
163	Table 5-12 (KE3) Commercial Food Service Appliance ASTM Standard Test Methods Table 5-13 (KE4) Convection Ovens
164	Table 5-14 (KE4) Gas-Fired Steamers Table 5-15 (KE4) Electric Steamers Table 5-16 (KE4) Commercial Fryers
165	Table 5-17 (KE4) Hot Food Holding Cabinets
166	Table 5-18 (KE8) Pre-Rinse Spray Valve Specification
167	Table 5-19 (KE8) Dishwasher Specification Table 5-20 (KE9) Maximum Daily Energy Consumption Requirements (kWh/day)
168	WALK-IN COOLERS AND FREEZERS
169	Figure 5-42 (KE11) Freezer slab edge details (a) with double curb at freezer box and (b) without curb.
171	Table 5-21 (KE11) Freezer Box Floor Insulation Levels
172	Table 5-22 (KE15) Minimum AWEF EPCA 202 Amendments Table 5-23 (KE15) Strategies for Energy Reduction of Walk-Ins
174	HEAT RECOVERY
175	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
176	SERVICE WATER HEATING OVERVIEW
177	SYSTEM TYPES
178	DESIGN STRATEGIES
179	Table 5-24 (WH4) Gas Water Heater Performance Table 5-25 (WH4) Electric Resistance Water Heater Performance Table 5-26 (WH4) Heat Pump Performance Requirements
180	Table 5-27 (WH6) Minimum Piping Insulation Thicknesses for SWH Systems
182	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES HVAC SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW Figure 5-43 (WH8) Refrigerant superheat recovery tank piping for service hot-water preheat.
183	GENERAL STRATEGIES
184	CHILLED-/HOT-WATER SYSTEM WITH SINGLE-ZONE AIR-HANDLING UNITS
185	Table 5-28 9HV3, HV5, HV13) HVAC System Recommendations
186	Manvel Junior High School AIR-SOURCE VARIABLE-REFRIGERANT-FLOW MULTISPLIT HEAT PUMP
187	Figure 5-44 (HV7) Three-pipe heat recovery VRF system examples.
188	GROUND-SOURCE HEAT PUMP
189	Figure 5-45 (HV11) Geothermal field horizontal trenches.
190	Figure 5-46 (HV11) GSHP vertical water loop illustration.
191	DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM (DOAS)
192	Figure 5-47 (HV15) DOAS unit with water coil.
194	STRATEGIES FOR ALL SYSTEM TYPES
195	Figure 5-58 (HV20) Conventional series-connected heat recovery.
201	Figure 5-49 (HV30) Typical noise paths for interior-mounted HVAC units.
205	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES Figure 5-50 (HV35) CFD model for a classroom.
208	RENEWABLE ENERGY OVERVIEW COMMON TERMINOLOGY
209	Figure 5-51 Typical PV alternating current system diagram.
210	DESIGN STRATEGIES
212	Figure 5-52 (RE5) Roof-mounted PV system. Figure 5-53 (RE5) PV canopy-mounted PV system.
214	Figure 5-54 (RE7) Typical PV single-line diagram.
215	IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
217	REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
220	Case Study—Friends School of Portland
222	Appendix A—Envelope Thermal Performance Factor
223	Table A-1 Opaque Construction Options
224	Appendix B—International Climatic Zone Definitions Table B-1 International Climate Zone Definitions

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2018	203


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Standard Title	Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings – Achieving Zero Energy
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2018
Pages Count	203

ASHRAE AEDGK 12ZeroEnergy 2018

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