ASME PCC-2 provides methods for repair of equipment, piping, pipelines and associated ancillary equipment within the scope of ASME Pressure Technology Codes and Standards after it has been placed in service. These repair methods include relevant design, fabrication, examination, and testing practices and may be temporary or permanent, depending on the circumstances. The methods provided in this Standard address the repair of components when repair is deemed necessary based on appropriate inspection and flaw assessment. These inspection and flaw evaluation methods are not covered in this document, but are covered in other post-construction codes and standards. Only technical procedures and information are provided; administrative or policy requirements are outside of the scope of this Standard. Key changes to this revision include new supplemental articles on welded lip seals; welded hot taps; crimping of metallic pipe; test devices for localized pressure or tightness testing of welded repairs, and updates to Part 1 – Scope, Organization and Intent; Article 2.3 on Seal-Welded Threaded Connections and Seal Weld Repairs; Article 2.6 on Full Encirclement Steel Reinforcing Sleeves for Piping; Article 4.1 on Nonmetallic Composite Repair Systems: High Risk Applications; Article 4.2 on Nonmetallic Composite Repair Systems: Low-Risk Applications; and Article 5.1 on Examination and Testing.

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4	CONTENTS
16	FOREWORD
17	COMMITTEE ROSTER
19	CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PCC COMMITTEE
21	ASME PCC-2–2018 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
24	PART 1 SCOPE, ORGANIZATION, AND INTENT Article 101 Introduction 101-1 SCOPE 101-2 ORGANIZATION 101-3 INTENT 101-3.1 General 101-3.2 Definitions 101-3.3 Administrative Requirements
25	101-3.4 Application 101-3.5 Alternative Use 101-3.6 Articles’ Independence 101-3.7 Repair Life 101-3.8 Code References 101-3.9 Welding 101-3.10 Allowable Stress 101-3.11 Examination 101-3.12 Records
26	PART 2 WELDED REPAIRS Article 201 Butt-Welded Insert Plates in Pressure Components 201-1 DESCRIPTION 201-1.1 General Considerations 201-1.2 Replacement of Local Areas in Pressure Vessel Shells or Pipe Walls 201-1.3 Replacement of Entire Component 201-2 LIMITATIONS 201-2.1 Part 1 of This Standard 201-2.2 Additional Considerations and Limitations 201-2.3 Loadings 201-2.4 Corrosion-Resistant Weld Overlay or Cladding
27	201-2.5 Dissimilar Metals 201-3 DESIGN 201-3.1 Construction Code 201-3.2 Materials 201-3.3 Insert Plate Thickness 201-3.4 Rectangular and Square Insert Plates 201-3.5 Flush Inserts 201-3.6 Insert Plate Size 201-3.7 Structural Stability at Cutouts 201-3.8 Insert Plates With Nozzles
28	Figure 201-3.8-1 Flush Insert Plate (With or Without Nozzle/Manway) With Its Butt Weld Intersecting Existing Butt Weld in Shells or Heads Figure 201-3.5-1 Flush Insert in Pipe or Tube Figures Figure 201-3.5-1 Flush Insert in Pipe or Tube Figure 201-3.8-1 Flush Insert Plate (With or Without Nozzle/Manway) With Its Butt Weld Intersecting Existing Butt Weld in Shells or Heads
29	Figure 201-3.8-2 Intersecting “Doghouse” Type Insert Plate Butt Weld (With or Without Nozzle/Manway) With Shell Butt Weld in Vessel Shells and Heads 201-4 FABRICATION 201-4.1 Cutting and Forming 201-4.2 Welding Figure 201-3.8-2 Intersecting “Doghouse” Type Insert Plate Butt Weld (With or Without Nozzle/Manway) With Shell Butt Weld in Vessel Shells and Heads
30	201-4.3 Weld Spacing Between Nonintersecting Adjacent Butt Welds in Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel Pressure Components 201-4.4 Intersecting Butt Welds in Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Pressure Components
31	201-4.5 Postweld Heat Treatment 201-5 EXAMINATION OF WELDS 201-5.1 Insert Plate Welds 201-5.2 Finished Welded Surfaces 201-5.3 Piping 201-5.4 Additional Examination Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels 201-6 PRESSURE TESTING 201-6.1 General Considerations 201-6.2 Notch Toughness Considerations
32	201-6.3 Leak Test 201-6.4 Vessels and Piping With Insulation or Coating
33	Article 202 External Weld Buildup to Repair Internal Thinning 202-1 DESCRIPTION 202-1.1 Introduction 202-1.2 Restoration of Wall Thickness 202-2 LIMITATIONS 202-2.1 Additional Requirements 202-2.2 Cracking 202-2.3 Evaluation of Medium 202-2.4 Operation in Creep Temperature Range 202-2.5 Blocked-in Liquid-Filled Components 202-3 DESIGN 202-3.1 Buildup Design
34	Figure 202-3-1 Weld Buildup Profile
35	202-3.2 Burst Test Procedures
36	202-4 FABRICATION 202-4.1 Prerepair Inspection Requirements 202-4.2 Prerepair Surface Preparation 202-4.3 Weld Buildup Placement 202-4.4 Electrode Size and Filler
37	202-4.5 Welding Process and Techniques 202-5 EXAMINATION 202-5.1 Surface Examination 202-5.2 Buildup Thickness 202-5.3 Volumetric Examination
38	202-5.4 Surface Finish 202-6 TESTING 202-6.1 Pressure Testing 202-6.2 Volumetric Examination in Place of Pressure Testing 202-6.3 Insulation and Coating 202-7 REFERENCES
39	Article 203 Seal-Welded Threaded Connections and Seal Weld Repairs 203-1 DESCRIPTION 203-1.1 Introduction 203-1.2 Seal Welds 203-1.3 How Seal Welds Are Used 203-2 LIMITATIONS 203-2.1 Additional Requirements 203-2.2 Special Considerations Outside of Scope 203-2.3 Consideration of Hazards 203-2.4 Potential Contaminants 203-2.5 Welding and Material Considerations 203-2.6 Removal of Coatings 203-2.7 Welding Effect on Adjacent Components
40	203-3 DESIGN 203-3.1 Applicable Codes 203-3.2 Application to Existing Joints 203-3.3 Joint Reassembly 203-3.4 Two Pass Welds 203-4 FABRICATION 203-4.1 Cleaning 203-4.2 Cleaning of Joints 203-4.3 Welding Qualifications 203-4.4 Fatigue Considerations 203-4.5 Prior Seal Welded Joints 203-4.6 Welding Existing Connections Without Disassembly 203-5 EXAMINATION 203-5.1 Visual Examination 203-5.2 Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Examination 203-5.3 Acceptance Standards 203-6 TESTING 203-6.1 Initial Service Testing
41	203-6.2 Leak Testing 203-7 REFERENCES
42	Article 204 Welded Leak Box Repair 204-1 DESCRIPTION 204-2 LIMITATIONS 204-2.1 General 204-2.2 Crack Repair 204-2.3 Qualifications 204-2.4 Safety 204-3 DESIGN 204-3.1 Materials 204-3.2 Design Life
43	204-3.3 Failure Modes 204-3.4 Temperature and Toughness 204-3.5 Design Conditions 204-3.6 Qualification 204-3.7 Corrosion Allowance Figure 204-1-1 Example of a Welded Leak Box Repair of a Tee
44	204-3.8 Design Loads 204-3.9 Transient Loads 204-3.10 Vents and Drains 204-3.11 Sound Metal 204-3.12 Sealant Pressure 204-3.13 Sealant Seepage 204-3.14 Joints 204-4 FABRICATION 204-4.1 Preparation 204-4.2 Leak Box Installation 204-4.3 Welding
45	204-4.4 In-Service Welding 204-4.5 Leaking Component 204-4.6 Heat Treatment 204-5 EXAMINATION 204-5.1 Qualifications 204-5.2 NDE Exemptions 204-5.3 Surface Examination 204-5.4 Evaluation 204-6 TESTING 204-6.1 Test Pressure 204-6.2 Test Method 204-6.3 External Pressure
46	Article 205 Weld Ring Gaskets (Welded Lip Seals) 205-1 DESCRIPTION 205-2 LIMITATIONS 205-2.1 Additional Requirements 205-2.2 Additional Considerations and Limitations 205-3 DESIGN Figure 205-1-1 Membrane Weld Ring Gaskets
47	205-4 FABRICATION 205-4.1 Preparation Figure 205-1-2 Weld Ring Gaskets Figure 205-1-3 Hollow-Lip Weld Ring Gaskets
48	205-4.2 Disassembly Procedure for an Existing Weld-Ring Gasket 205-4.3 Assembly Procedure for a New Weld Ring Gasket
49	205-4.4 Procedure for Weld Ring Gasket and Membrane Weld Ring Gasket Seal Replacement Figure 205-4.3-1 Centering Pin Arrangement Figure 205-4.3-2 Clamped Lip Seal
50	205-5 NDE EXAMINATIONS 205-5.1 Visual Examination 205-5.2 Liquid Penetrant Examination 205-5.3 Ultrasonic Examination 205-5.4 Acceptance Criteria 205-6 TESTING 205-7 REFERENCES Figure 205-4.3-3 Assembled Lip Seal
51	Article 206 Full Encirclement Steel Reinforcing Sleeves for Piping 206-1 DESCRIPTION 206-1.1 Full Encirclement Steel Sleeve 206-2 CAUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS 206-2.1 Additional Requirements 206-2.2 Regulations 206-2.3 Leaking Defects 206-2.4 Cyclic Operation 206-2.5 Circumferential Defects 206-2.6 Undersleeve Corrosion 206-2.7 Weld Reinforcement
52	206-2.8 Sleeve Size Requirements 206-2.9 Welding 206-2.10 Filler Material 206-3 DESIGN 206-3.1 Type A Sleeves 206-3.2 Type B Sleeves Figure 206-1.1.1-1 Type A Sleeve
53	206-3.3 Pressure Design 206-3.4 Sleeve Dimensions 206-3.5 Type B Sleeve Fillet Welds Figure 206-1.1.2-1 Type B Sleeve
54	206-3.6 External Pressure 206-3.7 External Damage 206-3.8 Cyclic Operation 206-3.9 Restraint of Pipe Bulging 206-3.10 Type A Sleeve Filler Material 206-3.11 Differential Thermal Expansion 206-4 FABRICATION 206-4.1 Installation 206-4.2 Filler Materials Figure 206-2.7-1 Welded Split Sleeve for Use Over a Girth Weld
55	206-4.3 Leaking Defects 206-4.4 Welds 206-4.5 Reduced Pressure Figure 206-3.5-1 Type B Sleeve Fillet Weld Size for Sleeve Thickness Less Than or Equal to 1.4 Times the Carrier Pipe Thickness Figure 206-3.5-2 Type B Sleeve FilletWeld Size for Sleeve Thickness Greater Than 1.4 Times the Carrier Pipe Thickness
56	206-4.6 In-Service Welding 206-4.7 Welding Procedures and Welder Qualifications 206-5 EXAMINATION 206-5.1 Visual Examination 206-5.2 Type A Sleeves 206-5.3 Type B Sleeves 206-5.4 In-Process Examination 206-5.5 Nondestructive Examination 206-6 TESTING 206-7 REFERENCES
58	Article 207 Fillet Welded Patches With Reinforcing Plug Welds 207-1 DESCRIPTION 207-2 LIMITATIONS 207-3 DESIGN 207-3.1 General
59	Figure 207-1-1 Typical Shell Repair Near Discontinuity
60	207-3.2 Internal Pressure Loads 207-3.3 Structural Discontinuity Evaluation
61	207-3.4 Allowable Load on Perimeter Fillet Weld 207-3.5 Allowable Loads on Plug Welds
62	207-3.6 Cold Forming Limits 207-4 FABRICATION
63	207-5 EXAMINATION 207-6 TESTING 207-7 REFERENCES
64	Article 208 Alternatives to Traditional Welding Preheat 208-1 DESCRIPTION 208-2 LIMITATIONS 208-2.1 General 208-2.2 Prohibited Reduction 208-2.3 Inappropriate Cases 208-2.4 Limited Access 208-2.5 Welding 208-3 DESIGN 208-3.1 Groove Geometry
65	208-3.2 Welding Process 208-3.3 Welding Consumables 208-3.4 Carbon Equivalent 208-3.5 Cracking Parameter (Pcm) Figure 208-3.1-1 Typical Residual Stresses in a Weld Figure 208-3.1-2 Effect of Weld Area on Transverse Shrinkage
66	208-3.6 Controlled Deposition Welding 208-4 FABRICATION 208-4.1 Cleanliness 208-4.2 Welding Technique 208-4.3 Peening Tables Table 208-3.3-1 Comparison of Specification and Actual Weld Metal Properties
67	208-4.4 Minimizing Cracking 208-4.5 Preheat Methods 208-4.6 Preheat Monitoring 208-5 EXAMINATION 208-6 TESTING 208-7 REFERENCES Figure 208-4.2-1 Typical Back Stepping Weld Sequence Figure 208-4.2-2 Difference Between Oscillated Stringer Beads (Left) and Wide Weave Beads (Right)
68	Figure 208-4.4-1 Effect of Weld Bead Cross Section on Cracking
70	Article 209 Alternatives to Postweld Heat Treatment 209-1 DESCRIPTION 209-1.1 General Considerations 209-1.2 Factors Affecting Selection 209-2 LIMITATIONS 209-2.1 Post-Construction Code 209-2.2 Methods 209-2.3 Suitability Tests 209-2.4 Resistance to Service Conditions 209-2.5 Residual Stress Reduction 209-2.6 Altering Material Properties
71	209-3 DESIGN 209-3.1 Dissimilar Metal Welds 209-3.2 Procedures 209-4 FABRICATION 209-4.1 Application of Elevated Preheat 209-4.2 Alternative Welding Methods 209-4.3 Requiring Additional Methods 209-5 EXAMINATION 209-6 TESTING Table 209-4.1-1 Summary of Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements and Potential Alternatives
72	209-7 REFERENCES
73	Article 210 In-Service Welding Onto Carbon Steel Pressure Components or Pipelines 210-1 DESCRIPTION
74	210-2 LIMITATIONS 210-2.1 Additional Requirements 210-2.2 Piping and Pipeline Modifications 210-2.3 Pressure Components or Pipeline Material 210-2.4 Pressure Components or Pipeline Contents 210-2.5 Operating Pressure 210-2.6 Operating Flow 210-2.7 Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) 210-3 DESIGN 210-3.1 In-Service Fillet Weld Procedure 210-3.2 In-Service Attachment Weld Procedure 210-3.3 In-Service Weld Metal Buildup Procedure
75	210-4 FABRICATION 210-4.1 Welding Procedure Qualification: Welding
76	210-4.2 Weld Procedure Qualification: Testing Table 210-4.2.1-1 Type and Number of Test Specimens Required for an In-Service Welding Procedure Qualification
77	Figure 210-4.2.1.2-1 Heat-Affected Zone Hardness Indent Locations
78	Figure 210-4.2.1.4-1 Mandrel Location Relative to the Weld Toe When Doing Face Bend Test for a Typical In-Service Fillet Weld Figure 210-4.2.1.4-2 Examples of In-Service Welding Procedure Qualification Face Bend Test Samples
79	210-4.3 Welder Performance Qualification 210-5 EXAMINATION 210-5.1 NDE Method 210-5.2 Examination Time 210-6 TESTING Figure 210-4.2.2-1 Test Sample Locations for In-Service Fillet Welding Procedure Qualification Assuming Equal Spacing Around the Circumference to Obtain All the Required Test Specimens
80	Figure 210-4.2.2.2-2 Test Sample Locations for In-Service Attachment Welding Procedure Qualification Assuming Equal Spacing Around the Circumference to Obtain All the Required Test Specimens
81	210-7 REFERENCES Figure 210-4.2.2-3 Test Sample Locations for In-Service Weld Metal Buildup Welding Procedure Qualification
83	Mandatory Appendix 210-I In-Service Welding Procedure/Welder Performance Qualification Setup Figure 210-I-1 Procedure and Welder Qualification Test Assembly for an In-Service Fillet Weld
84	Figure 210-I-2 Procedure and Welder Qualification Test Assembly for an In-Service Attachment Weld
85	Article 211 Weld Buildup, Weld Overlay, and Clad Restoration 211-1 DESCRIPTION 211-1.1 Introduction 211-1.2 Scope 211-1.3 Damaged Base Metal 211-1.4 Damaged Weld Overlay and Cladding 211-1.5 Definitions 211-2 LIMITATIONS 211-2.1 Additional Requirements 211-2.2 Base Metal Condition 211-3 DESIGN 211-3.1 Cause of Damage
86	211-3.2 Number of Weld Layers 211-3.3 Weld Thickness 211-3.4 Multiple-Layer Welding 211-3.5 Base Metal Restoration 211-3.6 Corrosion Protection 211-3.7 Design Calculations 211-3.8 Other Considerations 211-4 FABRICATION 211-4.1 Surface Preparation 211-4.2 Welding Procedure Qualification 211-4.3 Weld Overlay 211-4.4 Back Cladding
87	211-4.5 Special Considerations for Low Alloy Steels 211-4.6 Surface Profile Figure 211-4.4.1-1 Weld Seam With Back Cladding
88	211-4.7 Heat Treatment 211-5 EXAMINATION 211-5.1 General 211-5.2 Copper Sulfate Solution Testing 211-5.3 Liquid Penetrant Examination of Weld Overlay and Back Cladding 211-6 TESTING 211-6.1 Chemical Analysis
89	211-6.2 Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Deposits 211-6.3 Ferrite Testing of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Deposits 211-6.4 Calibration of Magnetic Ferrite Testing Gages 211-6.5 Ferricyanide Testing of Ni–Cu (Alloy 400) and Cu–Ni Alloys
90	211-6.6 Hydrostatic Testing 211-7 REFERENCES
91	Article 212 Fillet Welded Patches 212-1 DESCRIPTION 212-2 LIMITATIONS 212-3 DESIGN 212-3.1 General
92	Figure 212-1-1 Typical Shell Repair Near Discontinuity Figure 212-1-1 Typical Shell Repair Near Discontinuity
93	212-3.2 Internal Pressure Loads 212-3.3 Structural Discontinuity Evaluation
94	212-3.4 Allowable Load on Perimeter Fillet Weld 212-3.5 Cold Forming Limits 212-4 FABRICATION
95	212-5 EXAMINATION 212-6 TESTING 212-7 REFERENCES
97	Article 213 Threaded or Welded Plug Repairs 213-1 DESCRIPTION 213-2 LIMITATIONS 213-2.1 General 213-2.2 Repairs 213-2.3 Corrosion 213-3 DESIGN 213-3.1 Design Review 213-3.2 Material Properties 213-3.3 Opening Reinforcement 213-3.4 Strength Requirements 213-3.5 Strength and Corrosion Consequences 213-3.6 Material Removal 213-3.7 Finish Dimensions 213-4 FABRICATION 213-4.1 Flaw Location
98	213-4.2 Flaw Removal 213-4.3 Plug Fabrication 213-4.4 Lubricants 213-4.5 Plug Insertion 213-4.6 Seal or Fillet Welding 213-5 EXAMINATION 213-5.1 Flaw Removal Verification 213-5.2 Surface Examination 213-5.3 Documentation 213-6 TESTING 213-7 REFERENCES
99	Figure 213-3.1-1 Typical Plug Arrangement
100	Article 214 Field Heat Treating of Vessels 214-1 DESCRIPTION 214-1.1 Introduction 214-1.2 Scope 214-1.3 Application 214-2 LIMITATIONS 214-2.1 Additional Requirements 214-2.2 Work Location 214-2.3 Codes and Standards 214-3 DESIGN 214-3.1 Methods 214-3.1.1 Heating Methods. 214-3.1.2 Calculations and Acceptance Criteria.
101	214-3.2 Thermal Expansion 214-3.2.1 Local Restraint. 214-3.2.2 Other Restraint.
102	214-3.3 Materials Considerations 214-3.3.1 Base and Weld Material Degradation. 214-3.3.2 Cladding and Lining. 214-3.3.3 Fireproofing and Refractory. 214-3.3.4 Insulation. 214-3.3.5 Coatings. 214-3.4 Structural Considerations 214-3.4.1 Stability Evaluation.
103	214-3.4.2 External Support. 214-4 FABRICATION 214-4.1 Heat Treat Contractor’s Procedure 214-4.2 Instrumentation of Heat Treatment 214-4.3 Special Considerations 214-4.4 Monitoring 214-4.5 Record Retention
104	214-5 EXAMINATION 214-5.1 Vessel 214-5.2 Structures 214-5.3 Piping 214-5.4 Instrumentation and Electrical 214-5.5 Insulation 214-6 TESTING 214-7 REFERENCES
105	Mandatory Appendix 214-I Developing a Heat Treatment Procedure
106	Mandatory Appendix 214-II Typical Hot Box Design
107	Figure 214-II-1 Typical Hot Box Design
108	Article 215 Repair Welding Considerations for Cr–Mo Steel Pressure Vessels 215-1 DESCRIPTION 215-1.1 Scope 215-1.2 Application 215-1.3 Design Temperature 215-1.4 Applicable Materials 215-2 LIMITATIONS 215-3 DESIGN 215-3.1 Feasibility Study of Repair Welding 215-3.2 Consideration of In-Service Degradation 215-3.3 Examples of Damage 215-3.4 Development of Weld Repair Procedures
109	215-3.5 Repair Welding Methods Applicable to Cr–Mo Vessels 215-3.6 Welding and Preheat 215-4 FABRICATION 215-4.1 Weld Repair Procedures 215-4.2 Preparation for Welding 215-4.3 Welding Conditions 215-4.4 Preheating and Post-Heating 215-4.5 De-Embrittlement Heat Treatment 215-4.6 Dehydrogenation Heat Treatment 215-4.7 Postweld Heat Treatment 215-5 EXAMINATION
110	215-6 PRESSURE TESTING 215-7 REFERENCES
112	Table 215-1.1-1 Guide for the Selection of Repair Technique Table 215-1.2-1 Cr–Mo Steels Applicable to This Article
113	Figure 215-3.1-1 Standard Steps in Repair Welding
114	Table 215-3.2-1 Typical In-Service Degradation Table 215-3.2-2 Typical Considerations for Weld Repair of In-Service Degradation
115	Figure 215-3.3-1 Examples of Damage Common to Cr–Mo Pressure Vessels
116	Figure 215-3.4-1 Flowchart for the Selection of Repair Welding Methods Table 215-3.5-1 Repair Methods Applicable to Cr–Mo Vessels
117	Table 215-4.1-1 Repair Approach Sequence Table 215-4.4-1 Typical Preheat and Interpass Temperatures
118	Table 215-4.5-1 De-Embrittlement Heat Treatment
119	Article 216 Welded Hot Taps in Pressure Equipment or Pipelines 216-1 DESCRIPTION 216-1.1 Hot Tapping Connections 216-1.2 Hot Tap Drilling Machine 216-1.3 Hot Tapping Activities
120	216-2 LIMITATIONS 216-2.1 Additional Requirements 216-2.2 Nonwelded Fittings 216-2.3 Welding Concerns 216-2.4 Conditions and Applications for Which Hot Tapping Is Not Recommended 216-2.5 Conditions for Which Hot Tapping Requires Special Precautions Figure 216-1.2-1 Typical Hot Tapping Setup
121	216-2.6 Additional Requirements 216-2.7 Additional Requirements 216-3 DESIGN 216-3.1 Hot Tap Checklist 216-3.2 Hot Tap Fittings
122	216-3.3 Branch Design Requirements 216-3.4 Full Encirclement Sleeves Design Requirements 216-3.5 Hot Tap Length and Size 216-3.6 Hot Tap Location 216-3.7 Hot Tap Orientation
123	216-3.8 Coupon Retention and Contamination During Hot Tapping 216-3.9 Hot Tap Valve 216-3.10 Flow Rate and Minimum Liquid Level in Pressure Equipment for Hot Tap 216-3.11 Wall Thickness to Prevent Burn-Through During Welding
124	216-3.12 Maximum Allowable Internal Pressure for Welding of Hot Tap Fittings 216-3.13 Maximum Permissible External Pressure
125	216-3.14 Pressure Equipment Stresses From Applied Loads on Hot Tap Nozzles 216-3.15 Piping Supports 216-4 FABRICATION 216-4.1 Welding
126	216-4.2 Execution of the Hot Tap 216-5 EXAMINATION 216-5.1 Pre-Hot Tap Examination
127	216-5.2 Hot Tap Fitting Field Welds 216-5.3 Hot Tap Fitting Shop Fabrication Welds 216-6 PRESSURE TESTING 216-6.1 Cutting Equipment 216-6.2 Hot Tap Valve 216-6.3 Hot Tap Fitting — General Considerations 216-6.4 Pressure Test Medium
128	216-6.5 Hydrostatic Testing of Hot Tap Fittings 216-6.6 Pneumatic Test of Hot Tap Fittings 216-7 REFERENCES 216-7.1 Referenced Codes and Standards 216-7.2 Related Codes and Standards
129	216-7.3 Related Technical Publications
130	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX 216-A GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 216-A-1 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 216-A-1.1 Organizations 216-A-1.2 Terms
131	PART 3 MECHANICAL REPAIRS Article 301 Replacement of Pressure Components 301-1 DESCRIPTION 301-2 LIMITATIONS 301-3 DESIGN 301-3.1 Mitigation 301-3.2 Engineering Evaluation 301-3.3 Design Code 301-3.4 Modifications 301-4 FABRICATION 301-4.1 Safety 301-4.2 Welding 301-4.3 Tie-in Joint 301-4.4 Bolted Joint
132	301-5 EXAMINATION 301-5.1 Criteria 301-5.2 Mechanical Tie-in 301-6 TESTING 301-6.1 Criteria 301-6.2 Alternative 301-6.3 Design Change Monitoring 301-7 REFERENCES
133	Article 302 Freeze Plugs 302-1 DESCRIPTION 302-1.1 Technique 302-1.2 Application 302-1.3 Risk Assessment 302-1.4 Basis 302-2 LIMITATIONS 302-2.1 Additional Requirements 302-2.2 Safety Considerations 302-2.3 Freeze Point
134	302-2.4 Hydrocarbon Precautions 302-2.5 Light Ends 302-2.6 Impact Loading 302-2.7 Flow 302-2.8 Initial Fluid Temperature 302-2.9 Adjacent Flows 302-3 DESIGN 302-3.1 Pipe Materials 302-3.2 Material Property Changes 302-3.3 Pressure 302-3.4 Strength 302-3.5 Location 302-3.6 Liquid Nitrogen Freeze Plugs
135	302-3.7 Carbon Dioxide Freeze Plugs 302-4 FABRICATION 302-4.1 Procedures 302-4.2 Compatibility 302-4.3 Coolant Supply 302-4.4 Insulation and Coatings
136	Figure 302-3.6.3-1 Nitrogen Freeze Plug Assembly
137	302-4.5 Environment 302-4.6 Closed Systems 302-4.7 Related Equipment 302-4.8 Installation 302-4.9 Monitoring Time Frame 302-4.10 Plug Verification 302-4.11 Leakage 302-4.12 Welding 302-4.13 Duration 302-4.14 Testing 302-4.15 Return to Service 302-4.16 Thawing 302-5 EXAMINATION 302-5.1 Visual Inspection 302-5.2 Nondestructive Examination 302-5.3 Evaluation
138	302-6 TESTING 302-6.1 Unknown Fluid Properties 302-6.2 Freeze Point Test 302-6.3 Temperature Monitor Calibration 302-6.4 Oxygen Monitor Calibration
139	Article 303 Damaged Threads in Tapped Holes 303-1 DESCRIPTION 303-1.1 Introduction 303-1.2 Methods of Repair — Alternatives 303-1.3 Repair Methods Not Covered 303-2 LIMITATIONS 303-2.1 Additional Requirements 303-2.2 Retapping Existing Holes 303-2.3 Design Adequacy of Enlarging Stud Holes 303-2.4 Repair of Cracks 303-2.5 Welding and Material Considerations
140	303-2.6 Helical Coil Thread Inserts 303-3 DESIGN 303-3.1 Applicable Codes 303-3.2 Thread Modification 303-3.3 Enlargement of Existing Holes 303-3.4 Hole Enlargement Implications on Design 303-3.5 Design of Helical Coil Thread Inserts 303-4 FABRICATION 303-4.1 Hole Depth of Penetration 303-4.2 Hole Preparation Before Welding
141	303-4.3 Welding Procedures and Qualifications 303-4.4 Welding and Material Considerations 303-4.5 Flange Refinishing 303-4.6 Installation of Helical Coil Thread Inserts 303-4.7 Thread Galling and Lubrication 303-5 EXAMINATION 303-5.1 Visual Examination 303-5.2 Need for Additional NDE 303-5.3 Examination Procedures 303-6 TESTING 303-7 REFERENCES Figure 303-3.3.3-1 Example of Tapered Stud
142	Mandatory Appendix 303-I Recommended Detail for Stud Threads Modification to Prevent Damage to Threads in Tapped Holes Figure 303-I-1 Inch Thread Series (U.S. Customary Units)
143	Figure 303-I-2 Inch Thread Series (SI Units)
144	Figure 303-I-3 Metric Thread Series (SI Units)
145	Mandatory Appendix 303-II An Illustrative Example Showing an Engineering Analysis Associated With Enlarging a Tapped Hole 303-II-1 EXAMPLE 1 303-II-1.1 Nomenclature
146	303-II-1.2 Evaluate Length of Engagement, Lc
147	303-II-1.3 Nozzle Reinforcement Calculation 303-II-2 EXAMPLE 2
148	303-II-2.1 Nozzle Reinforcement Calculation
149	Article 304 Flaw Excavation and Weld Repair 304-1 DESCRIPTION 304-2 LIMITATIONS 304-2.1 Additional Requirements 304-2.2 Grinding 304-2.3 Machining 304-2.4 Honing 304-2.5 Flapping
150	304-2.6 Thermal Gouging 304-2.7 Generalized Damage 304-3 DESIGN 304-3.1 Excavation Without Weld Deposit 304-3.2 Weld Deposition Figure 304-3.1-1 Excavation and Weld Repair of Surface Flaw Figure 304-3.1-2 Excavation and Weld Repair of Embedded Flaw
151	304-3.3 Mechanical Excavation 304-4 FABRICATION 304-4.1 Repair Steps 304-4.2 Special Fixtures Figure 304-3.1-3 Grinding of Weld Flaw
152	304-5 EXAMINATION 304-5.1 Critical Service 304-5.2 Volumetric Examination 304-5.3 Additional Examinations 304-6 TESTING 304-6.1 Applicability 304-6.2 Test Method 304-6.3 Exemption 304-7 REFERENCES
153	Mandatory Appendix 304-I Metal Removal Process 304-I-1 FLAPPING 304-I-2 GRINDING 304-I-3 HONING 304-I-4 LAPPING 304-I-5 MACHINING
154	304-I-6 THERMAL GOUGING 304-I-7 BOAT SAMPLE CUTTING
155	Figure 304-I-7-1 Boat Sample
156	Article 305 Flange Repair and Conversion 305-1 DESCRIPTION 305-1.1 Introduction 305-1.2 Work Location 305-2 LIMITATIONS 305-2.1 Additional Requirements 305-2.2 Recurrence of Damage 305-2.3 Remaining Thickness 305-2.4 Residual Stress 305-3 DESIGN 305-3.1 Raised Face 305-3.2 Thickness Evaluation 305-3.3 Finish and Flatness
157	305-4 FABRICATION 305-4.1 Repair Without Welding 305-4.2 Repair by Welding 305-4.3 Postweld Heat Treatment 305-4.4 Machining 305-4.5 Conversion of Flange Facing From Ring-Type Joint to Raised Face
158	305-5 EXAMINATION 305-5.1 Gasket Surface 305-5.2 Nondestructive Examination 305-5.3 Dimensions 305-6 TESTING 305-7 REFERENCES 305-7.1 Related Standards Figure 305-4.5.2-1 Flange Dimensions
159	Article 306 Mechanical Clamp Repair 306-1 DESCRIPTION 306-2 LIMITATIONS 306-2.1 General 306-2.2 Applicability 306-2.3 Qualifications 306-2.4 Safety Figure 306-1-1 Example of a Mechanical Clamp
160	306-2.5 Precautions 306-3 DESIGN 306-3.1 Materials 306-3.2 Design Life 306-3.3 Failure Modes Figure 306-1-2 Square Mechanical Clamp Over Drain Branch, With Sealant Injection Nozzle
161	306-3.4 Temperature and Toughness 306-3.5 Design Conditions 306-3.6 Qualification 306-3.7 Corrosion Allowance 306-3.8 Design Loads 306-3.9 Transient Loads 306-3.10 Vents and Drains 306-3.11 Sound Metal 306-3.12 Sealant Pressure 306-3.13 Sealant Seepage
162	306-3.14 Joints 306-4 FABRICATION 306-4.1 Preparation 306-4.2 Leak Box Installation 306-4.3 Qualification 306-4.4 In-Service Installation 306-4.5 Leak Stoppage 306-4.6 Welding 306-5 EXAMINATION 306-5.1 Applicability 306-5.2 Visual Examination 306-5.3 Evaluation 306-6 TESTING 306-6.1 Applicability 306-6.2 Test Method 306-7 REFERENCES
163	Article 307 Pipe Straightening or Alignment Bending 307-1 DESCRIPTION 307-2 LIMITATIONS 307-2.1 General 307-2.2 Buckling Prevention 307-2.3 Materials 307-2.4 Linings and Coatings 307-2.5 Hazards Review 307-3 DESIGN 307-3.1 Preventing Recurrence 307-3.2 Analysis 307-3.3 Load and Deformation Limits 307-3.4 Residual Chemicals
164	307-4 FABRICATION 307-4.1 Methods 307-4.2 Surface Protection 307-4.3 Hot or Cold Bending 307-4.4 Heat Treatment 307-5 EXAMINATION 307-5.1 Applicability
165	307-5.2 Weld Examination 307-6 TESTING 307-6.1 Applicability 307-6.2 Special Consideration 307-6.3 Alternative 307-7 REFERENCE
166	Article 308 Damaged Anchors in Concrete (Postinstalled Mechanical Anchors) 308-1 DESCRIPTION 308-1.1 Anchor Uses 308-1.2 Intent 308-1.3 Types of Mechanical Anchors 308-1.4 Illustrations 308-1.5 Anchor Failure 308-1.6 Postinstalled Mechanical Anchor Figure 308-1.3-1 Anchors
167	308-1.7 Column Base Mechanical Anchor 308-2 LIMITATIONS 308-2.1 Additional Requirements 308-2.2 Considerations 308-3 DESIGN 308-3.1 Original Anchor Assembly 308-3.2 Design Considerations Figure 308-1.5-1 Anchor and Concrete Failure
168	308-4 FABRICATION 308-4.1 Weld Repair of Existing Rods 308-4.2 Repair of Existing Rods With Extensions 308-4.3 Replacement Figure 308-1.7-1 Column Base Anchors in Concrete
169	308-4.4 Abandon in Place 308-4.5 Tolerance on Expansion Anchor Location Figure 308-4.1-1 Weld Repair of Existing Rod
170	Figure 308-4.3.1-1 Wedge Anchor Figure 308-4.3.2-1 Sleeve Anchor Table 308-4.3-1 Minimum Edge Distance for Punched, Reamed, or Drilled Holes Table 308-4.3-2 Expansion Anchor — Illustrative Example of Typical Minimum Limits for Reference
171	308-4.6 Tolerance for Anchors With 8d Embedment Figure 308-4.5.1.1-1 Relocation of One or Two Anchors Within an Arc (r = 1⁄2d) Figure 308-4.5.1.1-2 Relocation of One or Two Anchors Within an Arc (r = d)
172	308-5 EXAMINATION 308-6 TESTING 308-7 REFERENCES Figure 308-4.6.1-1 Relocation of One or Two Anchors Within a Design Plate Assembly
173	Figure 308-4.6.2-1 Relocation of More ThanTwo Anchors Within a Design Plate Assembly Figure 308-4.6.3-1 Using an Enlarged Plate
174	Mandatory Appendix 308-I Anchors Installation Using Chemical Means (Adhesive) 308-I-1 Adhesive Anchors
175	Article 309 Valves With Pressure Seal-Type Bonnets
176	Article 310 Hot Bolting
177	Article 311 Hot and Half Bolting Removal Procedures 311-1 DESCRIPTION 311-1.1 Introduction 311-1.2 Hot Bolting 311-1.3 Half Bolting 311-1.4 Definition of Bolt 311-2 LIMITATIONS 311-2.1 Additional Requirements 311-2.2 Risks Associated With Hot and Half Bolting 311-2.3 Procedures and Safe Work Practices
178	311-3 DESIGN 311-3.1 Engineering and Risk Analysis 311-3.2 Minimum Number of Flange Bolts 311-3.3 Determining Maximum Pressures When Conducting Hot/Half Bolting 311-3.4 Maximum Pressure/Hot Bolting 311-3.5 Maximum Pressure/Half Bolting 311-3.6 Tapped Holes — Use of Hot Bolting
179	311-4 FABRICATION 311-4.1 Preparation 311-4.2 Execution
180	311-5 EXAMINATION 311-5.1 Examination for Workmanship and Leakage 311-5.2 Examination of Bolts for Proper Material Specification 311-6 TESTING 311-7 REFERENCES
181	Article 312 Inspection and Repair of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 312-1 DESCRIPTION 312-2 LIMITATIONS 312-2.1 General 312-2.2 Exclusions 312-3 DESIGN 312-3.1 Existing Conditions 312-3.2 General
182	312-3.3 Tubes and Tube Bundles 312-3.4 Tubesheet
183	312-3.5 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints 312-3.6 Bimetallic Shell-to-Tubesheet Welds 312-3.7 Shell, Channel, or Other Pressure-Retaining Components 312-4 FABRICATION 312-4.1 General Considerations
184	312-4.2 Tubeside Repair by Plugging Figure 312-4.2-1 Typical Friction Fit Tapered Tube Plug
185	312-4.3 Tubeside Repair by Sleeving Tubes Figure 312-4.2-2 Typical Mechanical Fit Tube Plugs Figure 312-4.2-3 Typical Installation of Mechanical Fit Tube Plugs
186	312-4.4 Tubeside Repair by Ferrule Installation 312-4.5 Tubeside Repair by Pulling Tubes 312-4.6 Tubeside Repair by Replacement 312-4.7 Tubesheet Repair Figure 312-4.2-4 Sample Chart: Number of Tube Failures by Month
187	312-4.8 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Repair 312-4.9 Repair of Pressure Containment Components 312-5 EXAMINATION 312-5.1 Examination of Tubes and Tube Bundle
188	312-5.2 Examination of Tube-to-Tubesheet Repair 312-5.3 Examination of Tubesheet Repair 312-5.4 Examination of Pressure Containment Components Repairs 312-6 TESTING 312-7 REFERENCES
189	Mandatory Appendix 312-I Methods for Determining Minimum Number of Tubes to Inspect 312-I-1 Introduction 312-I-1.1 Fixed Tube Count 312-I-1.2 Tube Bundle 312-I-1.3 Use of Inspection Planning 312-I-1.4 Use of Extreme Value Analysis (EVA)
190	Table 312-I-1.3-1 Inspection Effectiveness Table
192	Mandatory Appendix 312-II Examination of Pressure Containment Components 312-II-1 EXAMINATION 312-II-2 INSPECTION 312-II-3 SUITABILITY
193	Article 313 Crimping of Metallic Pipe 313-1 DESCRIPTION 313-1.1 Introduction 313-1.2 Risk 313-2 LIMITATIONS 313-2.1 General 313-2.2 Additional Considerations 313-3 DESIGN 313-3.1 Pipe Materials 313-3.2 Crimping Tool
194	313-3.3 Location 313-4 FABRICATION 313-4.1 Crimping
195	313-4.2 Injection 313-4.3 In-Service 313-5 EXAMINATION 313-5.1 Pre-Installation Figure 313-4.1-1 Crimp Block on Pipe
196	Figure 313-4.1-2 Crimp With Injection Arrangement Figure 313-4.1-3 Crimp Clamp in Position (Right) and Sealant Injection Box (Left)
197	313-5.2 Post-Installation 313-6 TESTING 313-6.1 Leak Tightness 313-7 REFERENCES
198	PART 4 NONMETALLIC AND BONDED REPAIRS Article 401 Nonmetallic Composite Repair Systems: High-Risk Applications 401-1 DESCRIPTION 401-1.1 Scope 401-1.2 Applicability
199	401-1.3 Risk Assessment 401-1.4 Repair Life 401-1.5 Defect Assessment 401-2 LIMITATIONS 401-2.1 Additional Requirements 401-2.2 Qualification of Repair System 401-2.3 Installation 401-3 DESIGN 401-3.1 Symbols
200	401-3.2 Repair System Qualification Data
201	Table 401-3.2-1 Repair System Required Material and Performance Properties
203	401-3.3 Required Data 401-3.4 Design Methodology
204	Table 401-3.4.2-1 Service Temperature Limits for Repair Systems
205	Table 401-3.4.4-1 Allowable (Long-Term) Strains for Repair Laminates (No Allowance for Temperature Effects)
206	Table 401-3.4.5-1 Service Factors for Repair Laminates
208	401-3.5 Approval 401-3.6 Requalification 401-4 FABRICATION (INSTALLATION) 401-4.1 General 401-4.2 Repair System Materials
209	401-4.3 Storage Conditions 401-4.4 Method Statements 401-4.5 Installer Qualifications 401-4.6 Installation Guidance
210	401-4.7 Live Repairs 401-5 EXAMINATION 401-5.1 Introduction 401-5.2 Defects Within the Repair System 401-5.3 Repair of Defects Within the Repair System 401-5.4 Inspection Methods 401-5.5 Repair System Replacement Strategy Table 401-4.6-1 Hold Points During Installation
211	Figure 401-5.1-1 Schematic of a Repair System and Location of Defects Table 401-5.2-1 Defect Type and Allowable Limits for the Composite Wrap
212	401-6 SYSTEM PRESSURE TESTING 401-7 REFERENCES 401-7.1 Referenced Codes and Standards
214	401-7.2 Related Codes and Standards
215	Mandatory Appendix 401-I Design Data Sheet
216	Forms Component Repair Data Sheet
218	Mandatory Appendix 401-II Qualification Data for the Repair System 401-II-1 INTRODUCTION 401-II-2 DATA FOR REPAIR LAMINATE 401-II-3 DATA FOR REPAIR/SUBSTRATE INTERFACE Figure 401-II-2-1 Test Specimen Geometry
219	401-II-4 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL REPAIRS TO NONLEAKING COMPONENTS (TYPE A DESIGN CASE) 401-II-5 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LEAKING COMPONENTS (TYPE B DESIGN CASE) 401-II-6 PERFORMANCE TESTING (OPTIONAL QUALIFICATION TESTS)
220	Mandatory Appendix 401-III Short-Term Pipe Spool Survival Test 401-III-1 INTRODUCTION 401-III-2 METHOD 401-III-3 REPORT
221	Figure 401-III-2-1 Defect Dimensions
222	Mandatory Appendix 401-IV Measurement of γ for Leaking Defect Calculation 401-IV-1 INTRODUCTION 401-IV-2 METHOD 401-IV-3 CALCULATION OF γ
223	401-IV-4 REPORT Table 401-IV-3-1 Student’s tv Value for Double-Sided 0.025 Level of Significance
224	Mandatory Appendix 401-V Measurement of Performance Test Data 401-V-1 INTRODUCTION 401-V-2 METHODS 401-V-2.1 Survival Testing 401-V-2.2 Regression Testing
225	401-V-2.3 Representative Coupon Testing 401-V-3 REPORT
226	Mandatory Appendix 401-VI Measurement of Impact Performance 401-VI-1 INTRODUCTION 401-VI-2 METHODS 401-VI-3 REPORT
227	Mandatory Appendix 401-VII Installer Qualification 401-VII-1 INTRODUCTION 401-VII-2 TRAINING 401-VII-2.1 Coursework (Installer) 401-VII-2.2 Coursework (Supervisor/Trainer) 401-VII-2.3 Installer-Specific Qualification 401-VII-3 TRAINING RECORDS
228	401-VII-4 REQUALIFICATION
229	Mandatory Appendix 401-VIII Installation 401-VIII-1 INTRODUCTION 401-VIII-2 SURFACE PREPARATION 401-VIII-3 LAMINATE LAY-UP 401-VIII-4 CURE 401-VIII-5 DOCUMENTATION
231	Nonmandatory Appendix 401-A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 401-A-1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
232	401-A-2 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 401-A-2.1 Organizations 401-A-2.2 Terms
233	Nonmandatory Appendix 401-B Recommended Retesting for a Modified Qualified Repair System 401-B-1 GENERAL 401-B-2 MODIFIED REPAIR SYSTEM 401-B-3 ENGINEERING JUDGMENT
234	Table 401-B-2-1 Recommended Testing for Requalification of a Modified Qualified Repair System
236	Article 402 Nonmetallic Composite Repair Systems: Low-Risk Applications 402-1 DESCRIPTION 402-1.1 Scope 402-1.2 Applicability 402-1.3 Risk Assessment 402-1.4 Repair Life
237	402-2 LIMITATIONS 402-2.1 Additional Requirements 402-2.2 Qualification of Repair System 402-2.3 Installation 402-2.4 Loading 402-3 DESIGN 402-3.1 Symbols 402-3.2 Repair System Qualification Data 402-3.3 Additional Required Data
238	402-3.4 Calculations Table 402-3.2-1 Repair System Required Material and Performance Properties
239	402-3.5 Approval 402-3.6 Requalification 402-4 FABRICATION (INSTALLATION) 402-4.1 Storage Conditions 402-4.2 Materials of Construction 402-4.3 Installer Qualifications 402-4.4 Installation Guidance
240	402-4.5 Live Repairs 402-5 EXAMINATION 402-5.1 Introduction 402-5.2 Defects Within the Repair System 402-5.3 Repair of Defects Within the Repair System 402-6 SYSTEM PRESSURE TESTING 402-7 REFERENCES 402-7.1 Referenced Codes and Standards Table 402-4.4-1 Hold Points During Installation
241	Table 402-5.2-1 Defect Type and Allowable Limits for the Composite Repair
242	402-7.2 Related Codes and Standards
244	Mandatory Appendix 402-I Repair Data Sheet
245	Repair Data Sheet
246	Mandatory Appendix 402-II Qualification Data for Repair System 402-II-1 INTRODUCTION 402-II-2 DATA FOR REPAIR LAMINATE 402-II-3 DATA FOR COMPOSITE/SUBSTRATE INTERFACE 402-II-4 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LEAKING SUBSTRATES
247	Mandatory Appendix 402-III Validation for Repair of Leaking Component 402-III-1 INTRODUCTION 402-III-2 METHOD 402-III-3 REPORT
248	Mandatory Appendix 402-IV Installer Qualification 402-IV-1 INTRODUCTION 402-IV-2 TRAINING 402-IV-2.1 Coursework (Installer) 402-IV-2.2 Coursework (Supervisor/Trainer) 402-IV-2.3 Installer-Specific Qualification 402-IV-3 TRAINING RECORDS 402-IV-4 QUALIFICATION PERIOD
249	Mandatory Appendix 402-V Installation 402-V-1 INTRODUCTION 402-V-2 SURFACE PREPARATION 402-V-3 LAMINATE LAY-UP 402-V-4 CURE 402-V-5 DOCUMENTATION
250	Nonmandatory Appendix 402-A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 402-A-1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 402-A-2 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 402-A-2.1 Organizations
251	402-A-2.2 Terms
252	Article 403 Nonmetallic Internal Lining for Pipe:Sprayed Form for Buried Pipe 403-1 DESCRIPTION 403-1.1 Background 403-1.2 Advantages 403-1.3 Disadvantages 403-2 CAUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS 403-2.1 General 403-2.2 Application Temperature Limitations 403-2.3 Operating Temperature Limitations 403-2.4 Application Humidity Limitations
253	403-2.5 Application Surface Limitations 403-2.6 Application Curing Limitations 403-3 DESIGN 403-3.1 General Design Considerations 403-3.2 Types of Sprayed Form Figure 403-1.1-1 Structural Liner in Raw Water System
254	403-3.3 Piping Degradation Cases 403-3.4 Material Considerations 403-3.5 Material Property Determination
255	403-3.6 Specific Design Requirements 403-4 FABRICATION (INSTALLATION) 403-4.1 Host Pipe Examination and Preparation
256	403-4.2 Polymer Mixing 403-4.3 Materials of Construction 403-4.4 Polymer Application 403-5 EXAMINATION 403-5.1 Test Sample Retrieval 403-5.2 Material Testing 403-5.3 CIPP-Installed Geometry Verification 403-5.4 Documentation of CIPP As-Installed Condition 403-5.5 Monitoring Plans
257	403-6 TESTING 403-6.1 Isolable Pipe 403-6.2 Nonisolable Pipe 403-7 REFERENCES 403-7.1 Referenced Codes and Standards
258	403-7.2 Related Codes and Standards
259	403-7.3 Related Technical Publications
260	Mandatory Appendix 403-I Design Considerations for Buried Pipe 403-I-1 WALL THICKNESS OF CIPP 403-I-2 DESIGN EQUATIONS 403-I-2.1 Internal Pressure 403-I-2.2 External Pressures/Fully Deteriorated Pipes 403-I-2.3 External Pressures/Partially Deteriorated Pipes
261	403-I-3 APPLIED LOADS DESIGN 403-I-3.1 Sustained and Occasional Loads 403-I-3.2 Thermal Expansion Loads 403-I-3.3 Determination of Resultant Moment
262	Mandatory Appendix 403-II Inspection/Examination and Corrective Action Requirements for CIPP 403-II-1 GENERAL 403-II-2 POLYMER MIXTURE 403-II-2.1 Real-Time Mixture Control 403-II-2.2 Resultant Mixture Control 403-II-3 POLYMER THICKNESS SAMPLING 403-II-3.1 Number of Layers 403-II-3.2 NDE Measurement 403-II-4 POLYMER HARDNESS 403-II-4.1 Hardness Measurement 403-II-4.2 Sample Points 403-II-4.3 Curing Catalyst 403-II-5 POLYMER COVERAGE 403-II-5.1 Visual Inspection 403-II-5.2 Holiday Test 403-II-6 SURFACE DEFECT CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 403-II-6.1 Substrate Preparation 403-II-6.2 Polymer Mixing 403-II-6.3 Polymer Application 403-II-6.4 Polymer Inspection
263	403-II-6.5 Excess Polymer 403-II-7 CORRECTIVE ACTION FOR AREAS OF INSUFFICIENT CURING
264	Mandatory Appendix 403-III Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 403-III-1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 403-III-2 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 403-III-2.1 Organizations 403-III-2.2 Terms
265	PART 5 EXAMINATION AND TESTING Article 501 Pressure and Tightness Testing of Piping and Equipment 501-1 DESCRIPTION 501-2 LIMITATIONS 501-3 DESIGN 501-3.1 Definitions 501-3.2 Reasons for Pressure and Tightness Testing
266	501-3.3 Test Type Selection 501-3.4 Pressure Test — General
267	Figure 501-3.3-1 Test Type Selection
268	501-3.5 Documentation 501-4 FABRICATION 501-5 EXAMINATION 501-6 TESTING 501-6.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Test of Pressure Vessels or Piping Systems
270	501-6.2 Pneumatic Pressure Test of Pressure Vessels or Piping
272	501-6.3 Tightness Test
273	501-7 REFERENCES
274	Mandatory Appendix 501-I Pressure/Leak Testing
275	Test Record
276	Mandatory Appendix 501-II Stored Energy Calculations for Pneumatic Pressure Test 501-II-1 GENERAL
277	Mandatory Appendix 501-III Safe Distance Calculations for Pneumatic Pressure Test 501-III-1 BLAST WAVE DISTANCE 501-III-2 FRAGMENT THROW DISTANCE Table 501-III-1-1 Alternative Values for Rscaled
278	Table 501-III-2-1 Minimum Distances for Fragment Throw Considerations
279	Mandatory Appendix 501-IV Risk Evaluation Considerations for Pneumatic Pressure Test 501-IV-1 INTRODUCTION 501-IV-2 PNEUMATIC TEST RISK CONSIDERATIONS 501-IV-3 PIPING SYSTEM VOLUME CONSIDERATIONS
280	Figure 501-IV-3-1 A Schematic Diagram of a Pipeline Burst, Showing the Flow of Gas Within the Pipes
281	Article 502 Nondestructive Examination in Lieu of Pressure Testing for Repairs and Alterations 502-1 DESCRIPTION 502-1.1 Background 502-1.2 Application 502-1.3 Pressure Testing 502-1.4 Nondestructive Examination (NDE) 502-1.5 Pressure Test 502-1.6 NDE Methods
282	502-1.7 Brittle Fracture Risk 502-2 LIMITATIONS 502-2.1 Alternative Requirements: Part 1 of ASME PCC-2 502-2.2 Repaired or Altered Pressure Equipment 502-2.3 Examples Where Pressure Test May Be Inadvisable 502-2.4 Repairs and Alterations for Which Pressure Testing Is Not Normally Required (ANSI/NB-23) 502-3 DESIGN 502-4 FABRICATION (REPAIR OR ALTERATION) 502-5 EXAMINATION — NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE)
283	502-6 TESTING 502-7 REFERENCES
284	Mandatory Appendix 502-I Comparison of Selected NDE Methods
285	Table 502-I-1 Comparison of Selected NDE Methods
287	Article 503 Test Devices for Localized Pressure or Tightness Testing of Welded Repairs 503-1 DESCRIPTION 503-1.1 General 503-1.2 Definitions 503-2 LIMITATIONS 503-2.1 Part 1 of This Standard 503-2.2 Additional Considerations and Limitations 503-3 DESIGN
288	Figure 503-1.1.2-1 Hydrotest Device Types Table 503-3-1 Device Type Selection Guidance
289	503-3.1 Type I — Internal Plug With Unconnected External Blind Flange 503-3.2 Type II — Internal Double-Ended Plug With External Means of Applying Bolt Load to the Flange 503-3.3 Type III — Internal Plug Connected to an External Blind Flange 503-3.4 Type IV — Internal Double-Ended Plug With No Assembly Load on Flange 503-4 FABRICATION 503-4.1 Type I – Internal Plug With Unconnected External Blind Flange
290	503-4.2 Type II – Internal Double-Ended Plug With External Means of Applying Bolt Load to the Flange 503-4.3 Type III – Internal Plug Connected to an External Blind Flange 503-4.4 Type IV – Internal Double-Ended Plug With No Assembly Load on Flange 503-5 EXAMINATION 503-5.1 Examination Prior to Initiation of the Hydrotest Figure 503-4-1 Hydrotest Device Seal Location Figure 503-4.1-1 Type I Hydrotest Device With Lanyard
291	Figure 503-4.1-2 Type I Hydrotest Device Without Lanyard Figure 503-4.1-3 Type I Typical Installations
292	503-5.2 Examination During the Hydrotest 503-5.3 Examination Following Completion of the Hydrotest 503-6 TESTING 503-7 REFERENCES Figure 503-4.2-1 Location of Split Ring Flange Figure 503-4.4-1 Type IV Device

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ASME	2017	294


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Standard Title	ASME PCC-2 – 2018: Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping
Published Code	ASME
Publication Date	2017
Pages Count	294

ASME PCC 2 2018:2017 Edition

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