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BS EN 17516:2023

BS EN 17516:2023

$215.11

Waste. Characterization of granular solids with potential for use as construction material. Compliance leaching test. Up-flow percolation test

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 76
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This document specifies an up-flow percolation test (PT) which is applicable in compliance testing to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular solids with potential for use as construction material. The test is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions. The granular solids are subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test. NOTE 1 Volatile organic substances include the low molecular weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil. This up-flow percolation test is performed under specified test conditions for granular solids with potential for use as construction material and does not necessarily produce results that mimic specific intended use conditions. This test method produces eluates, which can subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and ecotoxicological methods according to existing standard methods. The results of eluate analysis are presented as a function of the liquid/solid ratio. The test results enable the distinction between different leaching behaviour. NOTE 2 It is not always possible to adjust test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances. Test conditions can also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test conditions for organic substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions are generally described in a way that they fit testing organic substances and are also applicable to inorganic substances depending on the set-up. NOTE 3 For ecotoxicity testing, eluates representing the release of both inorganic and organic substances are needed. In this document, ecotoxicological testing is meant to include also genotoxicological testing. NOTE 4 Granular solid waste materials with a low hydraulic conductivity that can cause detrimental pressure build-up are not supposed to be subjected to this test. NOTE 5 This procedure is generally not applicable to solids that are easily biologically degradable and solids reacting with the leachant, leading to, for example, excessive gas emission or excessive heat release, impermeable hydraulically bound solids or solids that swell in contact with water. Granular solid waste materials without potential for beneficial use are excluded from the scope. NOTE 6 Granular solid waste materials without potential for beneficial use can be materials with gas generation or biodegradation during a potential reuse scenario. This test is applicable to types of granular solid waste of which the general long-term leaching behaviour is known based on previous investigations. In this document the same test conditions as for EN 16637 3 (CEN/TC 351/WG 1) are applied in order to allow full comparability of testing construction products and waste derived construction products to avoid double testing. The EN 16637 3 test results are eligible in the context of testing granular solids with potential for use as construction material as well. NOTE 7 If a leaching test according to EN 16637 3 has been performed, additional EN 17516 testing does not need to be carried out. NOTE 8 The relative standard deviations for inorganic and organic substances are relatively high which is due to low concentration levels in the eluates (see Annex F).

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
8 1 Scope
9 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
12 4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
13 4.2 Abbreviations
14 5 Principle
5.1 General principles
5.2 Number of eluates
15 6 Reagents
7 Equipment
17 8 Sample preparation
8.1 General
8.2 Preparation of the test sample
8.2.1 Principles
18 8.2.2 Rules of application
19 8.3 Test portion
8.4 Drying
8.5 Subsampling
8.6 Sieving of samples into fractions
20 8.7 Size reduction of particles
9 Test procedure
9.1 Temperature
9.2 Determination of dry residue
9.3 Pre-treatment of the column
21 9.4 Packing of the column
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Equilibration
9.4.3 Calculation of the flow rate
9.5 Collection of eluates
24 9.6 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis
9.7 Blank test
25 10 Evaluation of measurement results
10.1 Expression of results in concentrations
10.2 Expression of results in terms of mass related release
26 11 Documentation and test report
27 12 Test performance
28 Annex A (informative)Aā€“deviations
29 Annex B (informative)Examples of sample preparation procedures
B.1 General
B.2 Example 1
B.3 Example 2
B.3.1 Product grading
30 B.3.2 Example 2: Sieve diameter 22,4 mm chosen
32 Annex C (informative)Illustration of the column and accompanying equipment
33 Annex D (informative)Procedures for packing and saturation of the column
D.1 General
D.2 Column filling and packing
D.3 Procedure for packing
34 D.4 Water saturation
D.4.1 General
D.4.2 Method 1: Saturating the column using the pump
D.4.3 Method 2: Saturating the column using initial hydrostatic pressure
36 Annex E (informative)Assessment of release mechanism(s)
E.1 Overview of release mechanisms
37 E.2 Overview of release mechanisms
E.2.1 Overall low concentrations
E.2.2 Effect of pH on release
38 E.2.3 (Apparent) pH-dependent release
E.2.3.1 Wash-out of a substance (depletion)
39 E.2.3.2 Solubility-controlled release
40 E.2.4 No pH-dependent release
E.2.4.1 Solubility-controlled release
E.2.4.2 Wash-out of a substance (depletion)
41 E.2.4.3 Apparent depletion
42 E.2.5 Unidentified release mechanism
E.3 Overview of release mechanisms
E.3.1 Release
E.3.2 Extrapolation and interpolation of the release to other L/S ratios
43 E.4 Examples
E.4.1 General
44 E.4.2 EXAMPLE 1 pH-dependent solubility-controlled release
47 E.4.3 EXAMPLE 2 Solubility-controlled release
50 E.4.4 EXAMPLE 3 Wash-out
53 E.4.5 EXAMPLE 4 Apparent depletion
56 Annex F (informative)Summary of cumulative results for L/S = 2 and L/S = 10
F.1 Performance data EN 16637-3 for L/S = 2 and L/S = 10
59 F.2 Inorganic substances
F.2.1 General
60 F.2.2 Crushed copper slag (CUS) ā€“ Cumulative release at L/S = 2 and L/S = 10 in mg/kg
62 F.2.3 Recycled concrete (CRC) ā€“ Cumulative release at L/S = 2 and L/S = 10 in mg/kg
64 F.2.4 Crushed masonry (CMA) ā€“ Cumulative release at L/S = 2 and L/S = 10 in mg/kg
67 F.3 Organic substances
F.3.1 Asphalt aggregate ā€“ Cumulative release at L/S = 2 and L/S = 10 in mg/kg

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BS EN 17516:2023
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