BSI PD CEN/TS 16637-3:2016
$198.66
Construction products. Assessment of release of dangerous substances – Horizontal up-flow percolation test
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2016 | 60 |
(1) This Technical Specification specifies an Up-flow Percolation Test (PT) which is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular construction products. The test is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions. The construction products are subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test.
(2) This up-flow percolation test is performed under specified test conditions for construction products and does not necessarily produce results that mimic specific intended use conditions. This test method produces eluates, which can subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and ecotoxicological methods according to existing standard methods. The results of eluate analysis are presented as a function of the liquid/solid ratio. The test results enable the distinction between different leaching behaviour.
Volatile organic substances include the low molecular weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil.
It is not always possible to adjust test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances and test conditions may also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test conditions for organic substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions are generally described in a way that they fit testing organic substances and are also applicable to inorganic substances depending on the set-up.
For ecotoxicity testing, eluates representing the release of both inorganic and organic substances are needed. In this document, ecotoxicological testing is meant to include also genotoxicological testing.
Construction products that exhibit a saturated hydraulic conductivity of about 10 – 8 m/s or higher can usually be subjected to this test. This procedure is also applicable to materials showing solidification in the column, if the final hydraulic conductivity is within the specified range. Inert granular material should not be added to improve permeability in order to enable their testing.
This procedure is generally not applicable to products that are easily biologically degradable and products reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission or excessive heat release, impermeable hydraulically bound products or products that swell in contact with water.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Contents Page |
| 6 | European foreword |
| 7 | Introduction |
| 9 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 10 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 12 | 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols |
| 13 | 4.2 Abbreviations 5 Principle |
| 14 | 6 Reagents 7 Equipment |
| 16 | 8 Sample preparation 8.1 General 8.2 Preparation of the test sample 8.2.1 Principles |
| 17 | 8.2.2 Rules of application |
| 18 | Table 1 — Column size and corresponding sieve diameter Scs 8.3 Test portion 8.4 Drying 8.5 Subsampling 8.6 Sieving of samples into fractions |
| 19 | 8.7 Size reduction of particles 9 Test procedure 9.1 Temperature 9.2 Determination of dry residue 9.3 Pre-treatment of the column |
| 20 | 9.4 Packing of the column 9.5 Start of the test 9.5.1 Equilibration 9.5.2 Calculation of the flow rate 9.6 Collection of eluates |
| 22 | Table 2 — Table for collection of eluate fractions |
| 23 | 9.7 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis 9.8 Blank test 10 Evaluation of measurement results 10.1 Expression of results in concentrations |
| 24 | 10.2 Expression of results in terms of mass related release 11 Documentation and test report |
| 26 | 12 Test performance 13 Indirect methods 13.1 Definition 13.2 Provisions 13.3 Examples of “indirect” methods |
| 27 | Annex A (informative) Examples for sample preparation procedure A.1 General A.2 Example 1 |
| 28 | A.3 Example 2 |
| 30 | Annex B (informative) Illustration of the column and accompanying equipment Figure B.1 — Example of a column and accompanying equipment |
| 31 | Annex C (normative) Procedures for packing and saturation of the column C.1 General C.2 Column filling and packing C.3 Procedure for packing |
| 32 | C.4 Water saturation |
| 33 | Figure C.1 — Typical column for saturation by initial hydrostatic pressure |
| 34 | Annex D (informative) Assessment of release mechanism(s) D.1 Overview of release mechanisms Figure D.1 — Basic release pattern percolation test |
| 35 | D.2 Overview of release mechanisms D.2.1 Overall low concentrations D.2.2 Effect of pH on release D.2.3 (Apparent) pH dependent release D.2.3.1 Wash-out of a substance (depletion) |
| 37 | D.2.3.2 Solubility controlled release D.2.4 No pH dependent release D.2.4.1 Solubility controlled release D.2.4.2 Wash-out of a substance (depletion) |
| 38 | D.2.4.3 Apparent depletion D.2.5 Unidentified release mechanism |
| 39 | D.3 Overview of release mechanisms D.3.1 Release D.3.2 Extrapolation and interpolation of the release to other L/S-ratios |
| 40 | D.4 Examples |
| 43 | Figure D.2 — pH dependent solubility controlled release |
| 47 | Figure D.3 — Solubility controlled release |
| 51 | Figure D.4 — Wash-out |
| 55 | Figure D.5 — Apparent depletion |
| 56 | Bibliography |
