BSI PD IEC/TR 61292-4:2010:2012 Edition
$142.49
Optical amplifier technical reports – Maximum permissible optical power for the damage-free and safe use of optical amplifiers, including Raman amplifiers
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2012 | 26 |
This part of IEC 61292, which is a technical report, applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs), including optical fibre amplifiers (OFAs) using active fibres, as well as Raman amplifiers. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) using semiconductor gain media are also included.
This technical report provides a simple informative guideline on the threshold of high optical power that causes high-temperature damage of fibre. Also discussed is optical safety for manufacturers and users of optical amplifiers by reiterating substantial parts of existing standards and agreements on eye and skin safety.
To identify the maximum permissible optical power in the optical amplifier from damage-free and safety viewpoints, this technical report identifies the following values:
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the optical power limit that causes thermal damage to the fibre, such as fibre fuse and fibre-coat burning;
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the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to which the eyes/skin can be exposed without consequential injury;
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the optical power limit in the fibre that causes MPE on the eyes/skin after free-space propagation from the fibre;
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the absolute allowable damage-free and safe level of optical power of the optical amplifier by comparing (a) and (c).
The objective of this technical report is to minimize potential confusion and misunderstanding in the industry that might cause unnecessary alarm and hinder the progress and acceptance of advancing optical amplifier technologies and markets.
It is important to point out that the reader should always refer to the latest international standards and agreements because the technologies concerned are rapidly evolving. In fact, the concept of hazard level and labelling is still evolving: more rigorous labelling requirements are under discussion in IEC Technical Committee 76 as of October 2008.
The present technical report will be frequently reviewed and will be updated by incorporating the results of various studies related to OAs and OA-supported optical systems in a timely manner.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | CONTENTS |
| 6 | FOREWORD |
| 8 | INTRODUCTION |
| 9 | 1 Scope and object 2 Normative references |
| 10 | 3 Abbreviated terms 4 Maximum transmissible optical power to keep fibres damage-free 4.1 General |
| 11 | 4.2 Fibre fuse and its propagation Figures Figure 1 – Experimental setup for fibre fuse propagation Tables Table 1 – Experimental results of the threshold power of fibre fuse propagation |
| 12 | 4.3 Loss-induced heating at connectors or splices |
| 13 | Figure 2 – Connection loss versus temperature increase Table 2 – Measurement conditions |
| 14 | 4.4 Connector end-face damage induced by dust/contamination Figure 3 – Test setup |
| 15 | Figure 4 – Surface condition contaminated with metal filings, before the test Figure 5 – Variation of the power attenuation during the test at several power input values for plugs contaminated with metal filings |
| 16 | 4.5 Fibre-coat burn/melt induced by tight fibre bending Figure 6 – Polishing surface condition contaminated with metal filing, after the test |
| 17 | 4.6 Summary of the fibre-damage experiments Figure 7 – Thermo-viewer image of tightly-bent SMF with optical power of 3 W at 1 480 nm Figure 8 – Temperature of the coating surface of SMFs against bending with optical power of 3 W at 1 480 nm |
| 18 | 5 Maximum transmissible optical power to keep eyes and skin safe 5.1 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) on the surface of eye and skin 5.2 Maximum permissible optical power in the fibre for the safety of eye and skin |
| 19 | Table 3 – Examples of power limits for optical fibre communication systems having automatic power reduction to reduce emissions to a lower hazard level |
| 20 | Table 4 – Location types within an optical fibre communication system and their typical installations |
| 21 | Figure 9 – Maximum permissible power in the fibre against APR power reduction time |
| 22 | 6 Maximum optical power permissible for optical amplifiers from the viewpoints of fibre damage as well as eye and skin safety 7 Conclusion |
| 23 | Bibliography |
