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FEMA 430 2007

FEMA 430 2007

$32.50

FEMA 430 – Site and Urban Design for Security Guidance against Potential Terrorist Attacks

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
FEMA 2007 272
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 FEMA 430: SITE AND URBAN DESIGN FOR SECURITY
3 Title Page
5 FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FOREWORD
6 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
7 ORGANIZATION AND CONTENTS
9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
11 TABLE OF CONTENTS
19 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION
20 1.2 THE EVOLUTION OF SITE SECURITY DESIGN
1.2.1 Some Historical Background
21 1.2.2 Contemporary Developments in Building Security
25 1.3 THE IMPACT OF SECURITY NEEDS ON SITE AMENITY
27 1.4 FEMA PUBLICATIONS ON BUILDING SECURITY
28 1.5 BUILDING DAMAGE FROM TERRORIST ATTACK:ā€ā€šEXAMPLES AND LESSONS
1.5.1 Introduction
29 1.5.2 Selected Examples of Terrorist Attacks on Buildings
30 1.5.2.1 United States Embassy, Beirut, Lebanon, April 1983
31 1.5.2.2 Marine Barracks, Beirut, Lebanon, October 1983
33 1.5.2.3 Baltic Exchange, City of London, April 1992
35 1.5.2.4 World Trade Center, New York City, February 1993
37 1.5.2.5 Bishopsgate, City of London, April 1993
39 1.5.2.6 Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City, April 1995
41 1.5.2.7 Town Center, Manchester, England, June 1996
44 1.5.2.8 Khobar Towers, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,June 1996
47 1.5.2.9 The United States Embassy, Kenya, August 1998
49 1.5.2.10 U.S Embassy, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, August 1998
52 1.6 GOVERNING PRINCIPLES
54 1.7 PRESCRIPTIVE CODES AND A PERFORMANCEā€“BASED DECISIONā€“MAKING PROCESS
57 1.8 CONCLUSION
59 CHAPTER 2: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
61 2.1.1 Acceptable Risk and Levels of Protection
63 2.2 THE FEMA RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
64 2.2.1 Tiers of the Risk Assessment Process
65 2.2.2 The FEMA Risk Assessment Steps
69 2.2.3 Building Core Functions and Infrastructure
70 2.2.4 Building Vulnerability Checklist
71 2.2.5 Electronic Database for Risk Assessment and Risk Management
2.2.6 Ranking
74 2.2.7 Preparing the Risk Assessment
77 2.3 EXPLOSIVE FORCES AND STAND-OFF
78 2.3.1 Predicting Blast Effects
79 2.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF STAND-OFF DISTANCE
84 2.5 COST OF PROTECTION
89 2.6 CONCLUSION
91 CHAPTER 3: SECURITY DESIGN AND THE COMMUNITY CONTEXT
3.1 INTRODUCTION
92 3.2 THE THREE LAYERS OF DEFENSE
93 3.2.1 First Layer of Defense
95 3.2.2 Second Layer of Defense
96 3.2.3 Third Layer of Defense
98 3.3 DESIGN IN TUNE WITH THE COMMUNITY CONTEXT
116 3.4 WORKING WITH STAKEHOLDERS
122 3.5 THE IMPACT OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
128 3.6 CONCLUSION
129 CHAPTER 4: PERIMETER SECURITY DESIGN
4.1 INTRODUCTION
130 4.2 BARRIER SYSTEM DESIGN
4.2.1 Issues of Barrier Systems Design
138 4.2.2 Barrier Crash Test Standards
140 4.2.3 Determining Barrier Design Criteria
141 4.3 BARRIER MATERIALS AND TYPES
4.3.1 Materials
4.3.2 Barrier types
143 4.4 PASSIVE BARRIERS
4.4.1 Walls, excavations, berms, ditches, and ha-ha’s
147 4.4.2 Engineered Planters
150 4.4.3 Fixed Bollards
153 4.4.4 Heavy Objects and Trees
157 4.4.5 Water Obstacles
158 4.4.6 Jersey Barriers
159 4.4.7 Fences
161 4.4.8 Reinforced Street Furniture and Fixtures
166 4.5 ACTIVE BARRIERS
4.5.1 Retractable Bollards
168 4.5.2 Rising Wedge Barriers
170 4.5.3 Rotating Wedge Systems
171 4.5.4 Drop Arm Crash Beams
172 4.5.5 Crash Gates
4.5.6 Surface-Mounted Rotating Plates
173 4.6 INNOVATIVE BARRIER SYSTEMS
4.6.1 The NOGO barrier
174 4.6.2 The TigerTrap
175 4.6.3 The Turntable Vehicle Barrier
177 4.7 CONCLUSION
179 CHAPTER 5: SECURITY DESIGN FOR THE OPEN SITE
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 LAYERS OF DEFENSE FOR THE OPEN SITE
183 5.3 ACCESS CONTROL POINTS
184 5.4 CONTROL OF VEHICULAR APPROACH SPEED
186 5.5 GATEHOUSES AND SECURITY SCREENING
187 5.5.1 Gatehouses
189 5.5.2 Sally Ports
5.5.3 Screening at Designated Inspection Areas
192 5.6 THE SITE DESIGN TASKS
194 5.6.1 Site Evaluation, Grading, and Drainage
195 5.6.2 Placement of New Buildings
5.6.3 Controlled Access Zones
196 5.6.4 Clustered or Dispersed Building Groups
197 5.6.5 Orientation
198 5.6.6 Sight lines
200 5.7 SIGNAGE
201 5.8 PARKING
204 5.9 LOADING DOCKS AND SERVICE ACCESS
5.10 PHYSICAL SECURITY LIGHTING
206 5.11 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES
207 5.11.1 Staging Areas for CBR Evacuation
210 5.12 INFRASTRUCTURE AND SITE UTILITIES
212 5.13 LANDSCAPING ā€“ PLANT SELECTION AND DESIGN
216 5.14 CONCLUSION
217 CHAPTER 6: SECURITY FOR CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 LAYERS OF DEFENSE AND URBAN SITE TYPES
220 6.2.1 Zero Setback Buildings
225 6.2.2 Alleys
229 6.3 BUILDING YARDS
232 6.4 PLAZAS
238 6.5 ACCESS POINTS
239 6.6 INTERMODAL SYSTEMS
241 6.7 PARKING
6.7.1 Introduction
242 6.7.2 Public Street Parking
244 6.7.3 Underground Parking and Parking beneath Buildings
247 6.8 Loading Docks and Service Areas
249 6.9 PHYSICAL SECURITY LIGHTING
252 6.10 INFRASTRUCTURE AND SITE UTILITIES
255 6.11 CONCLUSION
257 APPENDIX A: DEFENSIBLE SPACE AND CPTED: ORINS AND APPLICATION
A.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
258 A.2 CPTED BASIC STRATEGIES
259 A.3 CPTED STRATEGIES FOR SITE PROTECTION
260 A.4 CPTED TODAY
262 A.5 CPTED SOURCES OF INFORMATION
263 APPENDIX B: BIBLIIOGRAPHY
B.1 FEMA RISK MANAGEMENT SERIES PUBLICATIONS
B.2 FUTURE RISK MANAGEMENT SERIES PUBLICATIONS
264 B.3 FEMA TRAINING COURSE
B.4 OTHER FEMA PUBLICATIONS
B.5 OTHER PUBLICATIONS AND ARTICLES
267 B.6 CPTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
269 APPENDIX C: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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