{"id":15839,"date":"2024-10-16T21:58:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T21:58:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-std-551-2006\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T12:15:24","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T12:15:24","slug":"ieee-std-551-2006","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-std-551-2006\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE STD 551 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nIEEE Recommended Practice for Calculating Short-Circuit Currents in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE Recommended Practice for Calculating Short-Circuit Currents in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nTitle page
Title page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nIntroduction
Introduction
Notice to users
Notice to users <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nParticipants
Participants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nCONTENTS
CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n1.2 Definitions
1.2 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n1.3 Acronyms and abbreviations
1.3 Acronyms and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n1.4 Bibliography
1.4 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n1.5 Manufacturers\u2019 data sources
1.5 Manufacturers’ data sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\nChapter 2 Description of a short-circuit current
Chapter 2 Description of a short-circuit current
2.1 Introduction
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Available short-circuit current
2.2 Available short-circuit current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n2.3 Symmetrical and asymmetrical currents
2.3 Symmetrical and asymmetrical currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n2.4 Short-circuit calculations
2.4 Short-circuit calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n2.5 Total short-circuit current
2.5 Total short-circuit current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n2.6 Why short-circuit currents are asymmetrical
2.6 Why short-circuit currents are asymmetrical
2.7 DC component of short-circuit currents
2.7 DC component of short-circuit currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n2.8 Significance of current asymmetry
2.8 Significance of current asymmetry
2.9 The application of current asymmetry information
2.9 The application of current asymmetry information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n2.10 Maximum peak current
2.10 Maximum peak current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n2.11 Types of faults
2.11 Types of faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n2.12 Arc resistance
2.12 Arc resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n2.13 Bibliography
2.13 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nChapter 3 Calculating techniques
Chapter 3 Calculating techniques
3.1 Introduction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fundamental principles
3.2 Fundamental principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n3.3 Short-circuit calculation procedure
3.3 Short-circuit calculation procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n3.4 One-line diagram
3.4 One-line diagram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n3.4.1 Single-phase equivalent circuit
3.4.1 Single-phase equivalent circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n3.4.2 Bus numbers
3.4.2 Bus numbers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n3.4.3 Impedance diagrams
3.4.3 Impedance diagrams
3.4.4 Short-circuit flow diagrams
3.4.4 Short-circuit flow diagrams
3.4.5 Relaying one-line diagrams
3.4.5 Relaying one-line diagrams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n3.5 Per-unit and ohmic manipulations
3.5 Per-unit and ohmic manipulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n3.6 Network theorems and calculation techniques
3.6 Network theorems and calculation techniques
3.6.1 Linearity
3.6.1 Linearity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n3.6.2 Superposition
3.6.2 Superposition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n3.6.3 Thevenin equivalent circuit
3.6.3 Thevenin equivalent circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n3.6.4 Norton equivalent circuit
3.6.4 Norton equivalent circuit
3.6.5 Millman’s theorem
3.6.5 Millman’s theorem
3.6.6 Reciprocity
3.6.6 Reciprocity
3.6.7 The sinusoidal forcing function
3.6.7 The sinusoidal forcing function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n3.6.8 Phasor representation
3.6.8 Phasor representation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n3.6.9 Fourier representation
3.6.9 Fourier representation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n3.6.10 Equivalence
3.6.10 Equivalence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n3.6.11 Parallel impedances
3.6.11 Parallel impedances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n3.6.12 Analysis of unbalanced faults using symmetrical components
3.6.12 Analysis of unbalanced faults using symmetrical components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n3.6.13 Sequence impedances
3.6.13 Sequence impedances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n3.7 Extending a three-phase short-circuit calculation procedures program to calculate short-circuit currents for single-phase branches
3.7 Extending a three-phase short-circuit calculation procedures program to calculate short-circuit currents for single-phase branches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n3.8 Representing transformers with non-base voltages
3.8 Representing transformers with non-base voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n3.9 Specific time period and variations on fault calculations
3.9 Specific time period and variations on fault calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n3.10 Determination of X\/R ratios for ANSI fault calculations
3.10 Determination of X\/R ratios for ANSI fault calculations
3.11 Three-winding transformers
3.11 Three-winding transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n3.12 Duplex reactor
3.12 Duplex reactor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\n3.13 Significant cable lengths
3.13 Significant cable lengths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n3.14 Equivalent circuits
3.14 Equivalent circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n3.15 Zero sequence line representation
3.15 Zero sequence line representation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n3.16 Equipment data required for short-circuit calculations
3.16 Equipment data required for short-circuit calculations
3.16.1 Utility sources
3.16.1 Utility sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n3.16.2 Generators
3.16.2 Generators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n3.16.3 Synchronous motors
3.16.3 Synchronous motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n3.16.4 Induction motors
3.16.4 Induction motors
3.16.5 Transformers
3.16.5 Transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n3.16.6 Reactors
3.16.6 Reactors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n3.16.7 Capacitors
3.16.7 Capacitors
3.16.8 Static regenerative drives
3.16.8 Static regenerative drives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n3.16.9 Breakers, contactors, and current transformers
3.16.9 Breakers, contactors, and current transformers
3.16.10 Cables
3.16.10 Cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\n3.16.11 Transmission lines
3.16.11 Transmission lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\n3.17 Bibliography
3.17 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\nChapter 4 Calculating short-circuit currents for systems without ac delay
Chapter 4 Calculating short-circuit currents for systems without ac delay
4.1 Introduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Purpose
4.2 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n4.3 ANSI guidelines
4.3 ANSI guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n4.4 Fault calculations
4.4 Fault calculations
4.5 Sample calculations
4.5 Sample calculations
4.5.1 Sample calculation #1
4.5.1 Sample calculation #1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n4.5.2 Sample calculation #2
4.5.2 Sample calculation #2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\n4.5.3 Sample calculation #3
4.5.3 Sample calculation #3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\n4.6 Sample computer printout
4.6 Sample computer printout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\n4.6.1 Raw data printout
4.6.1 Raw data printout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\n4.6.2 Per-unit data
4.6.2 Per-unit data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\n4.6.3 Computer short-circuit printout
4.6.3 Computer short-circuit printout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n4.7 Conclusions
4.7 Conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\n4.8 Bibliography
4.8 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nChapter 5 Calculating ac short-circuit currents for systems with contributions from synchronous machines
Chapter 5 Calculating ac short-circuit currents for systems with contributions from synchronous machines
5.1 Introduction
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Purpose
5.2 Purpose
5.3 ANSI guidelines
5.3 ANSI guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\n5.4 Fault calculations
5.4 Fault calculations
5.5 Nature of synchronous machine contributions
5.5 Nature of synchronous machine contributions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\n5.6 Synchronous machine reactances
5.6 Synchronous machine reactances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\n5.7 One-line diagram data
5.7 One-line diagram data
5.8 Sample calculations
5.8 Sample calculations
5.8.1 Sample calculation #1
5.8.1 Sample calculation #1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\n5.9 Sample computer printout
5.9 Sample computer printout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\n5.10 Sample computer printout for larger system calculations
5.10 Sample computer printout for larger system calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n5.11 Conclusions
5.11 Conclusions
5.12 Bibliography
5.12 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nChapter 6 Calculating ac short-circuit currents for systems with contributions from induction motors
Chapter 6 Calculating ac short-circuit currents for systems with contributions from induction motors
6.1 Introduction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Purpose
6.2 Purpose
6.3 ANSI guidelines
6.3 ANSI guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\n6.4 Fault calculations
6.4 Fault calculations
6.5 Nature of induction motor contributions
6.5 Nature of induction motor contributions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\n6.6 Large induction motors with prolonged contributions
6.6 Large induction motors with prolonged contributions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\n6.7 Data accuracy
6.7 Data accuracy
6.8 Details of induction motor contribution calculations according to ANSI-approved standard application guides
6.8 Details of induction motor contribution calculations according to ANSI-approved standard application guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\n6.9 Recommended practice based on ANSI-approved standards for representing induction motors in multivoltage system studies
6.9 Recommended practice based on ANSI-approved standards for representing induction motors in multivoltage system studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\n6.10 One-line diagram data
6.10 One-line diagram data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\n6.11 Sample calculations
6.11 Sample calculations
6.11.1 Sample calculation #1
6.11.1 Sample calculation #1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\n6.12 Sample computer printout
6.12 Sample computer printout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\n6.13 Bibliography
6.13 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
161<\/td>\nChapter 7 Capacitor contributions to short-circuit currents
Chapter 7 Capacitor contributions to short-circuit currents
7.1 Introduction
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Capacitor discharge current
7.2 Capacitor discharge current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\n7.2.1 Example
7.2.1 Example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
163<\/td>\n7.3 Transient simulations
7.3 Transient simulations
7.3.1 Standard capacitor bank
7.3.1 Standard capacitor bank <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\n7.3.2 Harmonic filter bank
7.3.2 Harmonic filter bank <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\n7.3.3 Medium-voltage motor capacitors
7.3.3 Medium-voltage motor capacitors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\n7.3.4 Low-voltage motor capacitors
7.3.4 Low-voltage motor capacitors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
179<\/td>\n7.4 Summary
7.4 Summary
7.5 Bibliography
7.5 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nChapter 8 Static converter contributions to short-circuit currents
Chapter 8 Static converter contributions to short-circuit currents
8.1 Introduction
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Definitions of converter types
8.2 Definitions of converter types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\n8.3 Converter circuits and their equivalent parameters
8.3 Converter circuits and their equivalent parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
184<\/td>\n8.4 Short-circuit current contribution from the dc system to an ac short circuit
8.4 Short-circuit current contribution from the dc system to an ac short circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
190<\/td>\n8.5 Analysis of converter dc faults
8.5 Analysis of converter dc faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
191<\/td>\n8.6 Short circuit between the converter dc terminals
8.6 Short circuit between the converter dc terminals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\n8.7 Arc-back short circuits
8.7 Arc-back short circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\n8.8 Examples
8.8 Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\n8.9 Conclusions
8.9 Conclusions
8.10 Bibliography
8.10 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
213<\/td>\nChapter 9 Calculating ac short-circuit currents in accordance with ANSI-approved standards
Chapter 9 Calculating ac short-circuit currents in accordance with ANSI-approved standards
9.1 Introduction
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Basic assumptions and system modeling
9.2 Basic assumptions and system modeling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\n9.3 ANSI recommended practice for ac decrement modeling
9.3 ANSI recommended practice for ac decrement modeling
9.3.1 General definitions and duty types
9.3.1 General definitions and duty types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\n9.3.2 Induction motor ac decrement modeling
9.3.2 Induction motor ac decrement modeling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\n9.3.3 Synchronous generator ac decrement modeling
9.3.3 Synchronous generator ac decrement modeling
9.4 ANSI practice for dc decrement modeling
9.4 ANSI practice for dc decrement modeling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\n9.4.1 DC decrement curves for totally rated circuit breakers
9.4.1 DC decrement curves for totally rated circuit breakers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\n9.4.2 DC decrement applied to symmetrically rated breakers
9.4.2 DC decrement applied to symmetrically rated breakers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\n9.5 ANSI-conformable fault calculations
9.5 ANSI-conformable fault calculations
9.5.1 First cycle calculations
9.5.1 First cycle calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\n9.5.2 Interrupting calculations
9.5.2 Interrupting calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\n9.5.3 Time delayed calculations
9.5.3 Time delayed calculations
9.6 ANSI-approved standards and interrupting duties
9.6 ANSI-approved standards and interrupting duties
9.6.1 General considerations
9.6.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
229<\/td>\n9.6.2 Interrupting device evaluation aspects
9.6.2 Interrupting device evaluation aspects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\n9.6.3 First cycle currents
9.6.3 First cycle currents
9.7 One-line diagram layout and data
9.7 One-line diagram layout and data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
233<\/td>\n9.8 First cycle duty sample calculations
9.8 First cycle duty sample calculations
9.8.1 First cycle duty calculations at bus 4:MILL-2
9.8.1 First cycle duty calculations at bus 4:MILL-2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\n9.8.2 First cycle duty calculations at bus 8:FDR L
9.8.2 First cycle duty calculations at bus 8:FDR L <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\n9.8.3 First cycle duty calculations at bus 37:T14 SEC
9.8.3 First cycle duty calculations at bus 37:T14 SEC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\n9.9 Interrupting duty sample calculations
9.9 Interrupting duty sample calculations
9.9.1 Interrupting duty calculations for bus 4:MILL-2
9.9.1 Interrupting duty calculations for bus 4:MILL-2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\n9.9.2 Interrupting duty calculations for bus 8:FDR L
9.9.2 Interrupting duty calculations for bus 8:FDR L <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\n9.10 Applying ANSI calculations to non-60 Hz systems
9.10 Applying ANSI calculations to non-60 Hz systems
9.10.1 Asymmetry factor equations
9.10.1 Asymmetry factor equations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\n9.10.2 Breaker contact-parting times and X\/R ratio
9.10.2 Breaker contact-parting times and X\/R ratio
9.11 Normative references
9.11 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\n9.12 Bibliography
9.12 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
245<\/td>\nChapter 10 Application of short-circuit interrupting equipment
Chapter 10 Application of short-circuit interrupting equipment
10.1 Introduction
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Purpose
10.2 Purpose
10.3 Application considerations
10.3 Application considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\n10.4 Equipment data
10.4 Equipment data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
248<\/td>\n10.5 Fully-rated systems
10.5 Fully-rated systems
10.6 Low-voltage series rated equipment
10.6 Low-voltage series rated equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
249<\/td>\n10.7 Low-voltage circuit breaker short-circuit capabilities less than rating
10.7 Low-voltage circuit breaker short-circuit capabilities less than rating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\n10.8 Equipment checklist for short-circuit currents evaluation
10.8 Equipment checklist for short-circuit currents evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
251<\/td>\n10.9 Equipment phase duty calculations
10.9 Equipment phase duty calculations
10.9.1 13.8 kV Breakers
10.9.1 13.8 kV Breakers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
256<\/td>\n10.9.2 13.8 kV bus disconnect switch
10.9.2 13.8 kV bus disconnect switch <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
257<\/td>\n10.9.3 13.8 kV transformer primary fuse
10.9.3 13.8 kV transformer primary fuse
10.9.4 480 V load center
10.9.4 480 V load center <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
258<\/td>\n10.9.5 480 V motor control center
10.9.5 480 V motor control center
10.9.6 480 V lighting panelboard
10.9.6 480 V lighting panelboard
10.9.7 Cables
10.9.7 Cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\n10.10 Equipment ground fault duty calculations
10.10 Equipment ground fault duty calculations
10.11 Capacitor switching
10.11 Capacitor switching <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\n10.12 Normative references
10.12 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
263<\/td>\nChapter 11 Unbalanced short-circuit currents
Chapter 11 Unbalanced short-circuit currents
11.1 Introduction
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Purpose
11.2 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
264<\/td>\n11.3 ANSI guidelines
11.3 ANSI guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
265<\/td>\n11.4 Procedure
11.4 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
271<\/td>\n11.5 Connection of sequence networks
11.5 Connection of sequence networks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
272<\/td>\n11.6 Sample calculations
11.6 Sample calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
276<\/td>\n11.6.1 Line-to-ground fault calculation
11.6.1 Line-to-ground fault calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
281<\/td>\n11.6.2 Line-to-line fault calculation
11.6.2 Line-to-line fault calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
284<\/td>\n11.7 Conclusions
11.7 Conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
285<\/td>\n11.8 Normative references
11.8 Normative references
11.9 Bibliography
11.9 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
287<\/td>\nChapter 12 Short-circuit calculations under international standards
Chapter 12 Short-circuit calculations under international standards
12.1 Introduction
12.1 Introduction
12.2 System modeling and methodologies
12.2 System modeling and methodologies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
289<\/td>\n12.3 Voltage factors
12.3 Voltage factors
12.4 Short-circuit currents per IEC 60909
12.4 Short-circuit currents per IEC 60909 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\n12.5 Short circuits \u201cfar from generator\u201d\u009d
12.5 Short circuits \u201cfar from generator\u201d\u009d
12.5.1 Definitions and generalities
12.5.1 Definitions and generalities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
291<\/td>\n12.5.2 Calculation of maximum fault currents
12.5.2 Calculation of maximum fault currents
12.5.3 Network feeders
12.5.3 Network feeders
12.5.4 Initial short-circuit current calculations
12.5.4 Initial short-circuit current calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
293<\/td>\n12.5.5 Symmetrical breaking current
12.5.5 Symmetrical breaking current
12.5.6 Steady-state fault current
12.5.6 Steady-state fault current
12.5.7 Peak fault current
12.5.7 Peak fault current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\n12.5.8 Non-meshed current paths
12.5.8 Non-meshed current paths
12.5.9 Meshed current paths
12.5.9 Meshed current paths
12.5.9.1 Dominant X\/R ratio technique
12.5.9.1 Dominant X\/R ratio technique
12.5.9.2 Short-circuit location X\/R technique
12.5.9.2 Short-circuit location X\/R technique <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
295<\/td>\n12.5.9.3 Equivalent frequency technique
12.5.9.3 Equivalent frequency technique
12.5.10 Calculation of minimum fault currents
12.5.10 Calculation of minimum fault currents
12.6 Short circuits \u201cnear generator\u201d\u009d
12.6 Short circuits \u201cnear generator\u201d\u009d
12.6.1 Definition and generalities
12.6.1 Definition and generalities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
296<\/td>\n12.6.2 Impedance correction factors
12.6.2 Impedance correction factors
12.6.3 Generator impedance correction factor
12.6.3 Generator impedance correction factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
297<\/td>\n12.6.4 Power station unit correction factors
12.6.4 Power station unit correction factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
299<\/td>\n12.6.5 Calculation of generator maximum Initial fault currents
12.6.5 Calculation of generator maximum Initial fault currents
12.6.6 Calculation of generator peak short-circuit currents
12.6.6 Calculation of generator peak short-circuit currents
12.6.7 Calculation of generator symmetrical breaking currents
12.6.7 Calculation of generator symmetrical breaking currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
301<\/td>\n12.6.8 Steady-state fault currents calculation
12.6.8 Steady-state fault currents calculation
12.6.9 Maximum steady-state fault current, Ikmax
12.6.9 Maximum steady-state fault current, Ikmax
12.6.10 Maximum steady-state fault current, Ikmin
12.6.10 Maximum steady-state fault current, Ikmin <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
302<\/td>\n12.6.11 Coefficients lmax, lmin
12.6.11 Coefficients lmax, lmin <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304<\/td>\n12.7 Influence of motors
12.7 Influence of motors
12.7.1 General considerations
12.7.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\n12.7.2 Synchronous motors
12.7.2 Synchronous motors
12.7.3 Induction motors
12.7.3 Induction motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
306<\/td>\n12.7.4 Static drives
12.7.4 Static drives
12.8 Fault calculations in complex systems
12.8 Fault calculations in complex systems
12.9 Comparing the ANSI-approved standards with IEC 909
12.9 Comparing the ANSI-approved standards with IEC 909 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
307<\/td>\n12.10 Sample calculations
12.10 Sample calculations
12.10.1 Rotating equipment impedances
12.10.1 Rotating equipment impedances
12.10.1.1 Network feeders
12.10.1.1 Network feeders <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
308<\/td>\n12.10.1.2 Synchronous motors
12.10.1.2 Synchronous motors
12.10.1.3 Induction motors
12.10.1.3 Induction motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\n12.10.2 Calculation of maximum initial fault currents
12.10.2 Calculation of maximum initial fault currents
12.10.2.1 Fault at bus 4:MILL-2
12.10.2.1 Fault at bus 4:MILL-2
12.10.2.2 Fault at bus 8:FDRL
12.10.2.2 Fault at bus 8:FDRL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\n12.10.2.3 Fault at bus 37:T14SEC
12.10.2.3 Fault at bus 37:T14SEC
12.10.3 Calculation of peak fault currents
12.10.3 Calculation of peak fault currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\n12.10.4 Calculation of breaking currents
12.10.4 Calculation of breaking currents
12.10.4.1 Fault at bus 8:FDRL
12.10.4.1 Fault at bus 8:FDRL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
312<\/td>\n12.10.4.2 Fault at bus 37:T14SEC
12.10.4.2 Fault at bus 37:T14SEC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\n12.10.5 Calculation of steady-state generator fault currents
12.10.5 Calculation of steady-state generator fault currents
12.11 Normative references
12.11 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
314<\/td>\n12.12 Bibliography
12.12 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Recommended Practice for Calculating Short-Circuit Currents in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2006<\/td>\n314<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":15840,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15839","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/15839","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=15839"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=15839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}