{"id":198365,"date":"2024-10-19T12:37:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T12:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/aami-st41-2008-ra-2018\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T05:10:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T05:10:43","slug":"aami-st41-2008-ra-2018","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/aami\/aami-st41-2008-ra-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"AAMI ST41 2008 RA 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"

This recommended practice covers the safe and effective use of ethylene oxide as a sterilant in health care facilities. The provisions of this document are intended to promote sterility assurance, help minimize occupational exposure to ethylene oxide, and guide health care personnel in the proper use of processing equipment.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nANSI\/AAMI ST41:2008\/(R)2018 Ethylene oxide sterilization in health care facilities: Safety and effectiveness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nObjectives and uses of AAMI standards and recommended practices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nTitle page
\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nAAMI Recommended Practice
Copyright Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nContents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nGlossary of equivalent standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nCommittee representation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nAcknowledgments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nForeword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nIntroduction: Need for the recommended practice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n1 Scope
1.1 General
1.2 Inclusions
1.3 Exclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n2 Definitions, symbols, and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n3 Design considerations
3.1 General rationale
3.2 Centralization
3.3 Containment areas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n3.4 Routing of traffic
3.5 Sterilizer access area <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n3.6 Storage of supplies
3.7 Temperature
3.8 Relative humidity
3.9 Ventilation recommendations for areas housing EO sterilization and aeration equipment
3.9.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n3.9.2 Local exhaust ventilation
3.9.2.1 Local exhaust ventilation systems
3.9.2.2 Local exhaust ventilation parameters
3.9.2.3 Sites for local exhaust ventilation
3.9.2.4 Location of exhaust hoods
3.9.2.5 Exhaust source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n3.9.2.6 Exhaust ducts
3.9.2.7 Vent system alarms
3.9.3 General room ventilation
3.9.3.1 Ventilation parameters
3.9.3.2 Ventilation systems
3.9.3.3 Minimum room size <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n3.9.3.4 Air flow
3.9.3.5 Air exchanges
3.9.3.6 Ventilation monitoring
3.10 Emergency eyewash and shower equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n3.11 Environmental discharge controls
3.11.1 Ethylene oxide
3.11.2 Ethylene glycol
3.11.3 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n4 Personnel considerations
4.1 General rationale
4.2 Qualifications
4.2.1 Supervisory personnel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n4.2.2 Sterilizer and aerator operators
4.3 Training and continuing education
4.3.1 Sterile processing personnel
4.3.1.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n4.3.1.2 In-service training
4.3.1.3 Manufacturers\u2019 instructions
4.3.1.4 Record keeping
4.3.2 Other personnel
4.4 Personnel health
4.4.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n4.4.2 Information concerning the potential hazards of exposure to EO
4.4.2.1 General considerations
4.4.2.2 Health effects of short-term exposure to EO
4.4.2.3 Health effects of long-term exposure to EO
4.4.2.4 Health effects of exposure to EO residuals
4.4.3 Medical surveillance and treatment
4.4.3.1 Routine medical examinations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n4.4.3.2 Medical examinations for acute exposures
4.4.3.3 Record keeping
4.4.4 First aid
4.5 Attire
4.5.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n4.5.2 Decontamination area
4.5.3 Service personnel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n4.5.4 Prevention of occupational exposure to EO <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n5 Receiving
5.1 General rationale
5.2 Receiving of purchased or loaner items
5.2.1 General considerations
5.2.2 Newly purchased reusable items and repaired reusable items
5.2.3 Rigid sterilization container systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n5.2.4 Disposable items
5.3 Disposition of sterile items (issued but not used) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n6 Handling, collection, and transport of contaminated items
6.1 General rationale
6.2 Separation of waste and reusable items at point of use
6.3 Care and handling of contaminated reusable items at point of use <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n6.4 Containment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n6.5 Transport
6.5.1 Transportation scheduling and routes
6.5.2 Transportation equipment
6.5.3 Hand transport
6.5.4 Dedicated lifts
6.5.5 Transport between buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n6.5.6 Off-site transportation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n7 Cleaning and other decontamination processes
7.1 General rationale
7.2 Policies, procedures, and manufacturers\u2019 instructions
7.2.1 Policies and procedures
7.2.2 Manufacturers\u2019 instructions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n7.3 Presoaking
7.4 Disassembly
7.4.1 Sorting and disassembly of instrumentation
7.4.2 Disassembly of rigid sterilization container systems
7.4.2.1 Removable filters
7.4.2.2 Valves
7.4.2.3 Interior baskets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n7.4.2.4 Labeling
7.4.2.5 Process indicators, disposable labels, and disposable locks
7.4.2.6 Dividers and sorting pins
7.5 Cleaning
7.5.1 General considerations
7.5.2 Cleaning agents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n7.5.3 Methods of cleaning
7.5.3.1 Selection of an appropriate method
7.5.3.2 Manual cleaning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n7.5.3.3 Mechanical cleaning
7.5.4 Rinsing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n7.5.5 Verification of the cleaning process
7.5.6 Cleaning of instruments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n7.5.7 Utensils
7.5.8 Reusable textiles
7.5.9 Rigid sterilization container systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n7.6 Microbicidal processes
7.6.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n7.6.2 Processes to decontaminate devices for safe handling
7.6.2.1 Chemical disinfection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n7.6.2.2 Chemical sterilization for decontamination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n7.6.2.3 Thermal (hot-water) disinfection
7.6.3 Terminal sterilization processes to prepare devices for the next patient use
7.6.3.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n7.6.3.2 Chemical terminal sterilization
7.6.3.3 Thermal terminal sterilization
7.7 Servicing and repair of devices in the health care facility
7.7.1 General considerations
7.7.2 Potential for exposure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n7.7.3 Protective measures for service personnel
7.7.3.1 General
7.7.3.2 Education and training
7.7.3.3 Vaccination
7.7.3.4 Personal protective equipment
7.7.3.5 Work practices
7.7.4 Postexposure program
7.7.5 Devices that cannot be repaired in-house <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n8 Packaging, preparation, and sterilization
8.1 General rationale
8.2 Items suitable for EO sterilization
8.3 Preconditioning (humidification)
8.4 Packaging
8.4.1 Selection of packaging materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n8.4.2 Package configurations and preparation
8.4.2.1 Package closures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n8.4.2.2 Package labels
8.4.2.3 Package configurations
8.5 Loading the sterilizer
8.5.1 Load composition
8.5.2 Load configuration
8.6 Sterilization parameters
8.6.1 General considerations
8.6.2 Sterilizer manufacturer\u2019s instructions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n8.6.3 Device and packaging manufacturers\u2019 instructions
8.6.4 Monitoring
8.7 Unloading the sterilizer
8.7.1 General considerations
8.7.2 Sterilizers without purge cycles
8.7.3 Sterilizers with purge cycles
8.7.4 Sterilizers with integral aeration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n8.7.5 Sterilizers with \u201cdetoxification\u201d
8.7.6 Handling of EO-sterilized items before aeration
8.8 Aeration recommendations
8.8.1 General considerations
8.8.2 Metal and glass items <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n8.8.3 Aeration capacity
8.8.4 Aeration times
8.9 Sterile storage
8.9.1 Handling and inspection
8.9.2 Sterility maintenance covers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n8.9.3 Storage facilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n8.9.4 Shelf life
8.10 Distribution
8.10.1 Handling and inspection
8.10.2 Distribution containers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n9 Installation, venting, routine care, and maintenance of EO sterilization and aerationequipment and EO gas sources
9.1 General rationale
9.2 Installation
9.2.1 Regulatory requirements
9.2.2 Manufacturer\u2019s instructions
9.2.3 Equipment location
9.3 Installation testing
9.3.1 Sterilizers
9.3.2 Emission control and ventilation systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n9.4 Venting of EO sterilizers
9.4.1 General considerations
9.4.2 Sterilizers venting to the outside atmosphere
9.4.2.1 Chamber vent lines
9.4.2.2 Venting of sterilizer relief valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n9.4.2.3 Ventilation of sterilizer door areas
9.4.3 Sterilizers venting to a sanitary floor drain
9.4.4 Sterilizers without exhaust to the outside atmosphere or a sanitary floor drain <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n9.4.5 Ventilation of EO gas cylinders
9.5 Venting of EO aeration cabinets
9.5.1 Vent lines
9.5.2 Equipment modifications
9.6 Ventilation system alarms
9.7 Maintenance of EO sterilizers, aerators, emission control systems, and ventilation systems
9.7.1 Manufacturer\u2019s instructions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n9.7.2 Routine care of sterilizers and aerators
9.7.3 Preventive maintenance
9.7.3.1 General considerations
9.7.3.2 Scheduled maintenance
9.7.3.3 Leak testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n9.7.3.4 Calibration
9.7.3.5 Emission control systems
9.7.3.6 Record keeping
9.8 Storage and handling of EO gas sources
9.8.1 Unit-dose containers of 100 % EO
9.8.1.1 Storage of unit-dose containers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n9.8.1.2 Transport of unit-dose containers
9.8.1.3 Disposal of unit-dose containers
9.8.2 Storage and handling of EO gas cylinders (tanks) and supply line filters
9.8.2.1 Storage of EO gas cylinders
9.8.2.2 Transport of EO gas cylinders <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n9.8.2.3 EO supply lines
9.8.2.4 Changing EO gas cylinders and supply line filters
9.8.2.5 Supply line filter disposal
9.9 EO leaks and spills
9.9.1 General considerations
9.9.2 Emergency team
9.9.3 Emergency plan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n9.9.4 First aid
9.9.4.1 Liquid EO
9.9.4.2 EO gas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n9.10 Personal protective equipment
9.11 Equipment manuals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n10 Quality control
10.1 General rationale
10.2 Monitoring of mechanical cleaning equipment
10.3 Product identification and traceability
10.3.1 Lot control numbers
10.3.2 Sterilizer records <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n10.3.3 Expiration dating
10.4 Overview of sterilization process monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n10.5 Sterilization process monitoring devices
10.5.1 Physical monitors
10.5.2 Chemical indicators
10.5.2.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n10.5.2.2 Using chemical indicators
10.5.2.2.1 External chemical indicators
10.5.2.2.2 Internal chemical indicators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n10.5.3 Biological indicators
10.5.3.1 General considerations
10.5.3.2 Using biological indicators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n10.5.4 Process challenge devices
10.6 Routine load release
10.6.1 Process monitoring devices
10.6.2 Release criteria for nonimplants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n10.6.3 Release criteria for implants
10.6.4 Sterilization process failures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n10.7 Routine sterilizer efficacy monitoring
10.7.1 General considerations
10.7.2 Composition of the PCD (routine BI test pack)
10.7.3 Placement of the PCD (routine BI test pack) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n10.7.4 Test procedure
10.7.5 Acceptance criteria
10.7.6 Positive BI results
10.7.6.1 General procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n10.7.6.2 Microbiological testing
10.8 Qualification testing
10.8.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\n10.8.2 Composition of the PCD (challenge BI test pack) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n10.8.3 Placement of the PCDs (challenge BI test packs) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n10.8.4 Test procedure
10.8.5 Acceptance criteria
10.8.6 Positive BIs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n10.9 Periodic product quality assurance testing of routinely processed items
10.10 Periodic product quality assurance testing of rigid sterilization container systems
10.10.1 General considerations
10.10.2 Responsibilities of the manufacturer
10.10.2.1 Suitability of the container system for specific sterilization cycles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n10.10.2.2 Sterilization
10.10.2.3 EO residual removal
10.10.2.4 Sterility maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n10.10.3 User responsibilities
10.10.3.1 General considerations
10.10.3.2 Prepurchase evaluation
10.10.3.2.1 General considerations
10.10.3.2.2 Sterilization process conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n10.10.3.2.3 Test protocol
10.10.3.2.3.1 Intent
10.10.3.2.3.2 Test container
10.10.3.2.3.3 Test procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n10.11 Aeration of PCDs
10.12 Product recalls
10.12.1 General considerations
10.12.2 Recall procedure
10.12.3 Recall order <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n10.12.4 Recall report
10.13 Quality process improvement
10.13.1 General rationale
10.13.2 Quality process
10.13.2.1 General considerations
10.13.2.2 Functional areas for product and process improvements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n10.13.2.3 Implementing product and process improvements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n11 Environmental and employee monitoring
\n
11.1 General rationale
11.2 Instrumentation
11.2.1 Selection of monitoring methods
11.2.2 Reliability and use of instrumentation
11.3 Procedures
11.3.1 Monitoring sites <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n11.3.2 Frequency of monitoring
11.3.3 Sterilizer system leak checks
11.3.4 Ventilation system monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\n11.3.5 Short-term exposures
11.4 Calculations and interpretation of data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\n11.5 Record keeping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nAnnex A Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide, final standard (29 CFR 1910.1047)
\u00a71910.1047 Ethylene oxide
a) Scope and application
b) Definitions
c) Permissible exposure limits.
d) Exposure monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\ne) Regulated areas
f) Methods of compliance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\ng) Respiratory protection and personal protective equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nh) Emergency situations
i) Medical surveillance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nj) Communication of EtO hazards to employees <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nk) Record keeping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\nl) Observation of monitoring
m) Dates
n) Appendices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nAppendix A to \u00a71910.1047\u2014Substance Safety Data Sheet for Ethylene Oxide (Non-Mandatory)
I. Substance identification
II. Health hazard data
III. Emergency first aid procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\nIV. Respirators and protective clothing
V. Precautions for safe use, handling, and storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\nVI. Access to information
VII. Sterilant use of EtO in hospitals and health care facilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nAppendix B to \u00a71910.1047\u2014Substance Technical Guidelines for Ethylene Oxide (Non-Mandatory)
I. Physical and chemical data
II. Fire, explosion, and reactivity hazard data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nIII. Spill, leak, and disposal procedures
IV. Monitoring and measurement procedures
V. Protective clothing and equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\nVI. Miscellaneous precautions
VII. Common operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nAppendix C to \u00a71910.1047\u2014Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Ethylene Oxide (Non-Mandatory)
I. Route of entry
II. Toxicology
III. Signs and symptoms of acute overexposure
IV. Surveillance and preventive considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nAppendix D to \u00a71910.1047\u2014Sampling and Analytical Methods for Ethylene Oxide (Non-Mandatory)
1 General Discussion. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\n2 Sampling Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\n3 Analytical Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\n4 Backup Data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\n5 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nAnnex B Ethylene oxide and hydrochlorofluorocarbon emission control technologies
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Emission control technologies
B.2.1 Catalytic conversion
B.2.2 Acid hydrolysis
B.2.3 Absorption
B.2.4 Recovery\u2013reclamation systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\nAnnex C Processing CJD-contaminated patient care equipment and environmentalsurfaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\nAnnex D Selection and use of chemical disinfectants
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Categories of items to be disinfected <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nD.3 Activity levels of disinfectants
D.4 Labeling of disinfectant products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nD.5 Criteria for selecting a chemical disinfectant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\nD.6 Quality control in chemical disinfection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\nD.7 Safety considerations in chemical disinfection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\nAnnex E User verification of cleaning processes
E.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\nE.2 Markers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\nE.3 Cleaning verification tests for users <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\nAnnex F Thermal disinfection
F.1 Introduction
F.2 Microbial destruction by heat
F.3 Items suitable for thermal sanitization or disinfection
F.4 Manufacturers\u2019 instructions
F.5 Quality control in thermal disinfection
F.6 Safety considerations in thermal disinfection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
155<\/td>\nAnnex G Devices returned to the manufacturer
G.1 Introduction
G.2 Overview
G.3 Manufacturer\u2019s instructions to the user <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\nG.4 User responsibilities
G.4.1 General
G.4.2 Decontamination at the health care facility
G.4.3 Packaging, labeling, and shipment to the manufacturer\u2019s facility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\nG.5 Receiving at the manufacturer\u2019s facility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
158<\/td>\nG.6 Cleaning, decontamination, and sterilization methods at the manufacturer\u2019s facility
G.7 Personal protective equipment at the manufacturer\u2019s facility
G.8 Work practices for infection control at the manufacturer\u2019s facility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\nG.9 Housekeeping and waste disposal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\nG.10 Device failure investigation
G.11 Documentation to the user <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
161<\/td>\nAnnex H Round-robin study of the PCD (routine BI test pack)
H.1 Introduction
H.2 Materials and methods
H.2.1 Test strategy
H.2.2 Test laboratories
H.2.3 Sterilization equipment
H.2.4 Test pack components and assembly
H.2.5 Exposure conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\nH.2.6 Test procedure
H.2.7 Data collected
H.3 Results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
163<\/td>\nAnnex I Development of a prepurchase evaluation protocol for rigid sterilization containersystems
I.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\nI.2 General considerations
I.3 Instruments and devices to be containerized
I.4 Cleaning and decontamination considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\nI.5 Preparation and assembly considerations
I.6 Matching the rigid sterilization container system and sterilization cycle
I.7 Loading the sterilizer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
166<\/td>\nI.8 Choosing the appropriate exposure and aeration times
I.9 Unloading the sterilizer and cooling the load
I.10 Sterility maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
167<\/td>\nI.11 Sterile storage
I.12 Transportation
I.13 Aseptic presentation
I.14 Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\nAnnex J Selecting equipment or services for monitoring airborne ethylene oxide at an EOsterilization facility
J.1 Introduction
J.2 General approaches to EO monitoring
J.2.1 Personnel monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\nJ.2.2 Area monitoring
J.3 Area and personnel monitoring devices
J.3.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\nJ.3.2 Personnel monitoring devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
173<\/td>\nJ.3.3 Area monitoring devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\nJ.4 Contract services
J.4.1 Advantages and disadvantages of contract services <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
177<\/td>\nJ.4.2 Finding contract service organizations
J.4.3 Selection criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
179<\/td>\nAnnex K Bibliography and cited references
K.1 Cited references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\nK.2 For further reading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ANSI\/AAMI ST41:2008\/(R)2018 – Ethylene oxide sterilization in health care facilities: Safety and effectiveness<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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