{"id":208544,"date":"2024-10-19T13:26:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T13:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ashrae-hvacsystemsequipment-handbook-ip-2020\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T06:09:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T06:09:28","slug":"ashrae-hvacsystemsequipment-handbook-ip-2020","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ashrae\/ashrae-hvacsystemsequipment-handbook-ip-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"ASHRAE HVACSystemsEquipment Handbook IP 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

The 2020 ASHRAE Handbook\u2014HVAC Systems and Equipment discussesvarious systems and the equipment (components or assemblies) that comprisethem, and describes features and differences. This information helps systemdesigners and operators in selecting and using equipment. Major sections discussair-conditioning and heating systems; equipment and components for air handling,heating, cooling, and general application; packaged, unitary, and split-system equipment;and general systems.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nI-P_S20 FrontCover_download <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nDedicated To The Advancement Of
The Profession And Its Allied Industries
DISCLAIMER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch01
1. Selecting a System
Additional Goals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nEquipment and System Constraints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nConstructability Constraints
Narrowing the Choices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nSelection Report
2. HVAC Systems and Equipment
Decentralized System Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nCentralized System Characteristics
Air Distribution Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nPrimary Equipment
Refrigeration Equipment
Heating Equipment
Air Delivery Equipment
3. Space Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nEquipment Rooms
Fan Rooms
Horizontal Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nVertical Shafts
Rooftop Equipment
Equipment Access
4. Air Distribution
Air Terminal Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nDuct Insulation
Ceiling and Floor Plenums
5. Pipe Distribution
Pipe Systems
Pipe Insulation
6. Security and environmental health and safety
7. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n8. Maintenance Management
9. Building System Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch02
1. System Characteristics
Advantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nDisadvantages
2. Design Considerations
Air-Side Economizer
Advantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nDisadvantages
Water-Side Economizer
Advantages
Disadvantages
3. Window-Mounted and Through-the- Wall Room HVAC Units
Advantages
Disadvantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nDesign Considerations
4. Water-Source Heat Pump Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\nAdvantages
Disadvantages
Design Considerations
5. Multiple-Unit Systems
Advantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nDisadvantages
Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n6. Residential and Light Commercial Split Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages
Design Considerations
7. Commercial Self-Contained (Floor- by-Floor) Systems
Advantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\nDisadvantages
Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n8. Commercial Outdoor Packaged Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages
Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n9. Single-Zone VAV Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\nDesign Considerations
10. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems
11. Maintenance Management
12. Building System Commissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch03
1. System Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nAdvantages
Disadvantages
2. Design Considerations
Cooling and Heating Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nSecurity
System Flow Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nEnergy Recovery and Thermal Storage
3. Equipment
Primary Refrigeration Equipment
Ancillary Refrigeration Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nPrimary Heating Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nAncillary Heating Equipment
4. Distribution Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n5. Sound, Vibration, Seismic, and Wind Considerations
Sound and Vibration
Seismic and Wind Issues
6. Space Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nLocation of Central Plant and Equipment
Central Plant Security
7. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nInstrumentation
8. Maintenance Management Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n9. Building System Commissioning
10. System Replacements and Expansions
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch04
Advantages of All-Air Systems
Disadvantages of All-Air Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nHeating and Cooling Calculations
Zoning
Space Heating
Air Temperature Versus Air Quantity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nSpace Pressure
Other Considerations
First, Operating, and Maintenance Costs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nEnergy in Air Handling
1. AIR-HANDLING UNITS
Primary Equipment
Air-Handling Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nCentral Mechanical Equipment Rooms (MERs)
Decentralized MERs
Fans
1.1 Air-Handling Unit Psychrometric Processes
Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nHeating
Humidification
Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nAir Mixing or Blending
1.2 Air-Handling Unit Components
Return Air Fan
Relief Air Fan
Automatic Dampers
Relief Openings
Return Air Dampers
Outdoor Air Intakes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nEconomizers
Mixing Plenums
Static Air Mixers
Filter Section <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nPreheat Coil
Cooling Coil
Reheat Coil
Humidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nDehumidifiers
Energy Recovery Devices
Sound Control Devices
Supply Air Fan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nMiscellaneous Components
1.3 Air Distribution
Ductwork Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n2. AIR-HANDLING SYSTEMS
2.1 Single-Duct Systems
Constant Volume
Variable Air Volume (VAV) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n2.2 Dual-Duct Systems
Constant Volume
Variable Air Volume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n2.3 Multizone Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n2.4 Special Systems
Primary\/Secondary
Dedicated Outdoor Air
Underfloor Air Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nWetted Duct\/Supersaturated
Compressed-Air and Water Spray <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nLow-Temperature
Smoke Control
2.5 Air Terminal Units
Constant-Volume Reheat
Variable Air Volume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nTerminal Humidifiers
Terminal Filters
2.6 Air Distribution System Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n2.7 Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems
2.8 Maintenance Management System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n2.9 Building System Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch05
1. System Characteristics
Advantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nDisadvantages
Heating and Cooling Calculations
Space Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nCentral (Primary-Air) Ventilation Systems
Central Plant Sizing
Building Pressurization
First, Operating, and Maintenance Costs
Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nLife-Cycle Costs
2. System Components and Configurations
Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nConfigurations
3. Secondary-Water Distribution
4. Piping Arrangements
Four-Pipe Distribution
Two-Pipe Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nThree-Pipe Distribution
Condenser Water Systems with Heat Pump Terminal Units
5. Fan-Coil Unit and Unit Ventilator Systems
Types and Location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nVentilation Air Requirements
Selection
Wiring
Condensate
Capacity Control
Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n6. Variable-Refrigerant-Flow (VRF) Units
7. Chilled-Beam Systems
Types and Location
Ventilation Air Requirements
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nWiring
Condensate
Capacity Control
Maintenance
Other Concerns
8. Radiant-Panel Heating Systems
Types and Location
Ventilation Air Requirements
Selection
Wiring
Capacity Control
Maintenance
9. Radiant-Floor Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nTypes and Location
Ventilation Air Requirements
Selection
Wiring
Capacity Control
Maintenance
10. Induction Unit Systems
11. Supplemental Heating Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n12. Primary-Air Systems
13. Performance Under Varying Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n14. Changeover Temperature
15. Two-Pipe Systems with Central Ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nCritical Design Elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nChangeover Temperature Considerations
Nonchangeover Design
Zoning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nRoom Control
Evaluation
Electric Heat for Two-Pipe Systems
16. Four-Pipe Systems
Zoning
Room Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nEvaluation
17. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems
18. Maintenance Management Systems and Building System Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch06
1. PRINCIPLES OF RADIANT SYSTEMS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n1.1 Heat Transfer
Heat Transfer by Thermal Radiation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nHeat Transfer by Natural Convection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nCombined Heat Flux (Thermal Radiation and Natural Convection) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n1.2 Factors Affecting Heat Transfer
Panel Thermal Resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nEffect of Floor Coverings
Panel Heat Losses or Gains <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nPanel Performance
1.3 Panel Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nSpecial Cases
Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n2. General Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n2.1 Hybrid Systems
3. RADIANT HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS
3.1 Hydronic Ceiling Panels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n3.2 Embedded Systems with Tubing in Ceilings, Walls, or Floors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nHydronic Wall Panels
Hydronic Floor Panels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\n3.3 Electrically Heated Radiant Systems
Electric Ceiling Panels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nElectric Wall Heating
Electric Floor Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n4. DESIGN PROCEDURE
Sensible Cooling
Sensible Heating
Other Steps Common for Sensible Heating and Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n4.1 Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\nSensible Cooling Controls
Heating Slab Controls
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch07 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n1. Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n2. CHP System Concepts
2.1 Custom-Engineered Systems
2.2 Packaged and Modular Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n2.3 Load Profiling and Prime Mover Selection
2.4 Peak Load Shaving
2.5 Continuous-Duty Standby <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n2.6 Power Plant Incremental Heat Rate
3. Performance Parameters
3.1 Heating Value
3.2 CHP Electric Effectiveness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nPower and Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\n3.3 Fuel Energy Savings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n4. Fuel-to-Power Components
4.1 Reciprocating Engines
Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nPerformance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nFuels and Fuel Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nCombustion Air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\nLubricating Systems
Starting Systems
Cooling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nExhaust Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nEmissions
Instruments and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nNoise and Vibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nInstallation Ventilation Requirements
Operation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\n4.2 Combustion Turbines
Types
Advantages
Disadvantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nGas Turbine Cycle
Components
4.3 Performance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\nFuels and Fuel Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\nCombustion Air
Lubricating Systems
Starting Systems
Exhaust Systems
Emissions
Instruments and Controls
Noise and Vibration
Operation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\n4.4 Fuel Cells
Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\n5. Thermal-to-Power Components
5.1 Steam Turbines
Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nPerformance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nFuel Systems
Lubricating Oil Systems
Power Systems
Exhaust Systems
Instruments and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nOperation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\n5.2 Organic Rankine Cycles
5.3 Expansion Engines\/Turbines
5.4 Stirling Engines
Types
Performance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nFuel Systems
Power Systems
Exhaust Systems
Coolant Systems
Operation and Maintenance
6. Thermal-to-Thermal Components
6.1 Thermal Output Characteristics
Reciprocating Engines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\nCombustion Turbines
6.2 Heat Recovery
Reciprocating Engines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\nCombustion Turbines
Steam Turbines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\n6.3 Thermally Activated Technologies
Heat-Activated Chillers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\nDesiccant Dehumidification
Hot Water and Steam Heat Recovery
Thermal Energy Storage Technologies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\n7. Electrical Generators and Components
7.1 Generators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\n8. System Design
8.1 CHP Electricity-Generating Systems
Thermal Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\nPrime Mover Selection
Air Systems
Hydronic Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nService Water Heating
District Heating and Cooling
Utility Interfacing
Power Quality
Output Energy Streams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\n8.2 CHP Shaft-Driven HVAC and Refrigeration Systems
Engine-Driven Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\nCombustion-Turbine-Driven Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\nSteam-Turbine-Driven Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
148<\/td>\n9. Codes and Installation
9.1 General Installation Parameters
9.2 Utility Interconnection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\n9.3 Air Permits
9.4 Building, Zoning, and Fire Codes
Zoning
Building Code\/Structural Design
Mechanical\/Plumbing Code
Fire Code
Electrical Connection
10. Economic Evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\nCHP Application Assessment
Types and Scope of CHP Studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\nCHP System Modeling Techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\nCHP Feasibility Study for New Facilities
Tools and Software for Feasibility Study
10.1 Load Profiles and Load Duration Curves
Load Duration Curve Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\nTwo-Dimensional Load Duration Curve
Analysis by Simulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
155<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
158<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch08 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch09
1. TERMINOLOGY
2. APPLIED HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\n2.1 Heat Pump Cycles
2.2 Heat Sources and Sinks
Air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
173<\/td>\nWater
Ground
Solar Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\n2.3 Types of Heat Pumps
2.4 Heat Pump Components
Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\nHeat Transfer Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
177<\/td>\nRefrigeration Components
Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\nSupplemental Heating
2.5 Industrial Process Heat Pumps
Closed-Cycle Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nOpen-Cycle and Semi-Open-Cycle Heat Pump Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\nHeat Recovery Design Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\n3. APPLIED HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS
3.1 Waste Heat Recovery
General Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
184<\/td>\nApplications of Waste Heat Recovery
Alternative Heat Sources
Locating the Heat Recovery Heat Pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\nSpecific Considerations of Condenser-Side Recovery
Specific Considerations of Evaporator-Side Recovery
Special Considerations of Double-Bundle Heat Recovery
Selecting a Compressor Type <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
186<\/td>\nPumping Considerations
HRHP Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
188<\/td>\nExample
3.2 Water-Loop Heat Pump Systems
Description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
189<\/td>\nDesign Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
191<\/td>\nControls
Advantages of a WLHP System
Limitations of a WLHP System
3.3 Balanced Heat Recovery Systems
Definition
Heat Redistribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
192<\/td>\nHeat Balance Concept
Heat Balance Studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\nGeneral Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\nMultiple Buildings
3.4 Heat Pumps in District Heating and Cooling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
195<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
196<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch10
1. Components
Heating and Cooling Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
197<\/td>\nDucts
Accessory Equipment
Controls
2. Common System Problems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
198<\/td>\n3. System Design
Estimating Heating and Cooling Loads
Locating Outlets, Returns, Ducts, and Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
199<\/td>\nSelecting Heating and Cooling Equipment
Determining Airflow Requirements
Finalize Duct Design and Size
Selecting Supply and Return Grilles and Registers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\n4. Detailed Duct Design
Detailing the Duct Configuration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\nDetailing the Distribution Design
Duct Design Recommendations
Zone Control for Small Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\nDuct Sizing for Zone Damper Systems
Box Plenum Systems Using Flexible Duct
Embedded Loop Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\n5. Small Commercial Systems
Air Distribution in Small Commercial Buildings
Controlling Airflow in New Buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\n6. Testing for Duct Efficiency
Data Inputs
Data Output
Standards
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
209<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch11
1. Advantages
2. Fundamentals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\n3. Effects of Water , Air , and Gases
4. Heat Transfer
5. Basic Steam System Design
6. Steam Source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
212<\/td>\nBoilers
Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Boilers
Heat Exchangers
7. Boiler Connections
Supply Piping
Return Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\n8. Design Steam Pressure
9. Piping
Supply Piping Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\nTerminal Equipment Piping Design Considerations
Return Piping Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\n10. Condensate Removal from Temperature-Regulated Equipment
11. Steam Traps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\nThermostatic Traps
Mechanical Traps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\nKinetic Traps
12. Pressure-Reducing Valves
Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
219<\/td>\nValve Size Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\n13. Terminal Equipment
Selection
Natural Convection Units
Forced-Convection Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\n14. Convection Steam Heating
One-Pipe Steam Heating Systems
Two-Pipe Steam Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\n15. Steam Distribution
16. Temperature Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\n17. Heat Recovery
Flash Steam <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\nDirect Heat Recovery
18. Combined Steam and Water Systems
19. Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch12
Applicability
Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\nEnvironmental Benefits
1. SYSTEM MASTER PLANNING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\n1.1 Economic Considerations
Consumer Economics
Producer Economics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\nDistrict Energy Economic Comparison <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\n2. CENTRAL PLANT
2.1 Heating and Cooling Production
Heating Medium <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\nSteam and Hot Water Generation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
233<\/td>\nChilled-Water Generation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
234<\/td>\nThermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\nAuxiliaries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\n2.2 Chilled-Water Distribution Design Considerations
Constant Flow
Variable Flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\nChilled-Water System Design Guidelines
3. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
3.1 Hydraulic Considerations
Objectives of Hydraulic Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
238<\/td>\nWater Hammer
Pressure Losses
Pipe Sizing
Network Calculations
Condensate Drainage and Return in Steam Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\n3.2 Thermal Considerations
Thermal Design Conditions
Thermal Properties of Pipe Insulation and Soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\n3.3 Methods of Heat Transfer Analysis
Calculation of Undisturbed Soil Temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\nConvective Heat Transfer at Ground Surface
Uninsulated Buried Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\nInsulated Buried Pipe
Buried Pipe in Conduit with Air Space <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\nBuried Pipe with Composite Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
246<\/td>\nTwo Pipes Buried in Common Conduit with Air Space
Two Buried Pipes or Conduits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\nPipes in Buried Trenches or Tunnels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
248<\/td>\nPipes in Shallow Trenches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
249<\/td>\nBuried Pipes with Other Geometries
Pipes in Air
Economical Thickness for Pipe Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\n3.4 Expansion Provisions
Pipe Supports, Guides, and Anchors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
251<\/td>\n3.5 Distribution System Construction
Piping Materials and Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
253<\/td>\nAboveground Systems
Underground Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
256<\/td>\nConduits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
258<\/td>\nCathodic Protection of Direct-Buried Conduits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\nLeak Detection
Geotechnical Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\nValve Vaults and Entry Pits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
262<\/td>\n4. CONSUMER INTERCONNECTIONS
4.1 Direct Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
264<\/td>\n4.2 Indirect Connections
4.3 Steam Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
266<\/td>\nBuilding Conversion to District Heating
4.4 Components
Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
268<\/td>\nFlow Control Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
269<\/td>\nInstrumentation
Controller
Pressure Control Devices
Flow and Energy Metering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
270<\/td>\n4.5 Temperature Differential Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
271<\/td>\n4.6 Operation and Maintenance
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
273<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
274<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch13
Principles
1. TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
275<\/td>\n2. CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS
2.1 Method of Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
276<\/td>\n2.2 Thermal Components
Loads
Load Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
277<\/td>\nSource
Expansion Chamber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
279<\/td>\n2.3 Hydraulic Components
Pump or Pumping System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
282<\/td>\nVariable-Speed Pumping Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
283<\/td>\nPump Connection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
284<\/td>\nDistribution System
Expansion Chamber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
285<\/td>\n2.4 Piping Circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
286<\/td>\n2.5 Capacity Control of Load System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
287<\/td>\nSizing Control Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
289<\/td>\nAlternatives to Control Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\n2.6 Low-Temperature Heating Systems
Nonresidential Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
291<\/td>\n2.7 Chilled-Water Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
293<\/td>\n2.8 Dual-Temperature Systems
Two-Pipe Systems
Two-Pipe Dual-Temperature Chilled-Water Systems
Four-Pipe Common Load Systems
Four-Pipe Independent Load Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\n2.9 Other Design Considerations
Makeup and Fill Water Systems
Safety Relief Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
295<\/td>\nAir Elimination
Drain and Shutoff
Balance Fittings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
296<\/td>\nPitch
Strainers
Thermometers
Flexible Connectors and Pipe Expansion Compensation
Gage Cocks
Insulation
Condensate Drains
Common Pipe
2.10 Other Design Procedures
Preliminary Equipment Layout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
297<\/td>\nFinal Pipe Sizing and Pressure Drop Determination
Freeze Prevention
2.11 Antifreeze Solutions
Effect on Heat Transfer and Flow
Effect on Heat Source or Chiller <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
298<\/td>\nEffect on Terminal Units
Effect on Pump Performance
Effect on Piping Pressure Loss
Installation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
299<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch14
1. Once-Through City Water Systems
2. Open Cooling Tower Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
301<\/td>\nAir and Vapor Precautions
Pump Selection and Pressure Calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
302<\/td>\nWater Treatment
Freeze Protection and Winter Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
303<\/td>\n3. Low-Temperature (Water Economizer) Systems
4. Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers
5. Other Sources of Water
6. Overpressure Caused by Thermal Fluid Expansion
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch15
1. System Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\n2. Basic System
3. Design Considerations
Direct-Fired High-Temperature Water Generators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
306<\/td>\nExpansion and Pressurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
308<\/td>\nDirect-Contact Heaters (Cascades)
System Circulating Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\n4. Distribution Piping Design
5. Heat Exchangers
6. Air-Heating Coils
7. Space-Heating Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\n8. Instrumentation and Controls
9. Water Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\n10. Heat Storage
11. Safety Considerations
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
312<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch16
1. Energy Conservation
2. Infrared Energy Sources
Gas Infrared <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\nElectric Infrared <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
314<\/td>\nOil Infrared <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
315<\/td>\n3. System Efficiency
4. Reflectors
5. Controls
6. Precautions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316<\/td>\n7. Maintenance
8. Design Considerations for Beam Radiant Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
319<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch17
1. Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
321<\/td>\n2. UVGI Fundamentals
Microbial Dose Response
Susceptibility of Microorganisms to UV Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
322<\/td>\n3. Lamps and power supplies
Types of UV-C Lamps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
323<\/td>\nUV-C Lamp Drivers or Ballasts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
324<\/td>\nGermicidal Lamp Cooling and Heating Effects
UV-C Lamp Aging
UV-C Lamp Irradiance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
325<\/td>\nUV-C Photodegradation of Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
326<\/td>\n4. Maintenance
Lamp Replacement
Lamp Disposal
Visual Inspection
5. Safety
Hazards of Ultraviolet Radiation to Humans
Sources of UV Exposure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
327<\/td>\nExposure Limits
UV Radiation Measurements for Upper Air Applications
Safety Design Guidance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
328<\/td>\nPersonnel Safety Training
Lamp Breakage
6. Unit Conversions
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
329<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
330<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch18
System Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
331<\/td>\nVRF Applications
Zoned Comfort
Indoor Air Quality
Annual Operating Efficiency Characteristics
Local and Remote Monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
332<\/td>\nLife-Cycle Cost Comparison
1. Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
333<\/td>\n2. Equipment
Air-Source Outdoor and Water-Source Units
Indoor Unit Types
System Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
334<\/td>\nSystem Expansion or Reconfiguration
3. VRF System Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
335<\/td>\nLoad Management
Cooling Operation
Heating Operation
Saturation Temperature Reset
Heat Recovery Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
336<\/td>\nDefrost Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
337<\/td>\nOil Recovery Management
Humidity Control
High-Heating-Performance Air-Source VRF Units
4. Modeling Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
338<\/td>\n5. Design Considerations
Water-Source VRF Systems
Air-Source VRF Systems
Low External Ambient Heating-Dominant Applications
Integration with Supplemental Heating Sources
Outdoor Air Economizer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
339<\/td>\nGenerating Radiant Heating\/Cooling and Domestic Hot Water
6. VRF System Design Example
Performing a Load-Profile Analysis
System Type Selection, Zoning, and Potential for Heat Recovery
Accurately Sizing Air-Source Outdoor and Indoor Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
340<\/td>\nSelecting Indoor Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
341<\/td>\nVentilation Air Strategy
Refrigerant Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
342<\/td>\nRefrigerant Piping Guidelines
Controls
Safety Considerations for Refrigerants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
343<\/td>\nFault Tree Analysis
Optimizing VRF Systems to Minimize Environmental Impact <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
344<\/td>\n7. Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
345<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
346<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch19
1. Building Code Requirements
2. Pressure Classifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
347<\/td>\n3. Duct Cleaning
4. HVAC System Leakage
System Sealing
Sealants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
348<\/td>\nLeakage Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
350<\/td>\nResponsibilities
5. Air-Handling Unit Leakage
6. Residential and Commercial Duct Construction
Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
351<\/td>\nBuildings and Spaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
352<\/td>\nRound, Flat Oval, and Rectangular Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
353<\/td>\nFibrous Glass Ducts
Phenolic Ducts
Flexible Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
354<\/td>\nHangers and Supports
Installation
Plenums and Apparatus Casings
Acoustical Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
355<\/td>\n7. Industrial Duct Construction
Materials
Round Ducts
Rectangular Ducts
Construction Details
Hangers
8. Antimicrobial-Treated Ducts
9. Duct Construction for Grease- and Moisture-Laden Vapors
Factory-Built Grease Duct Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
356<\/td>\nSite-Built Grease Duct Systems
Duct Systems for Moisture-Laden Air
10. Rigid Plastic Ducts
11. Air Dispersion Systems
Dispersion Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
357<\/td>\n12. Underground Ducts
13. Ducts Outside Buildings
14. Seismic Qualification
15. Sheet Metal Welding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
358<\/td>\n16. Thermal Insulation
17. Specifications
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
359<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
361<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
362<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch20
1. Systems Overview
All-Air Systems
Decoupled Cooling Systems
Sensible-Only Decoupled Cooling Systems
2. System Classifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
363<\/td>\n2.1 Fully Mixed Systems
Factors That Influence Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
364<\/td>\nOutlet Selection Procedure
2.2 Fully Stratified Systems
Factors that Influence Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
365<\/td>\nOutlet Selection Procedure
2.3 Partially Mixed Systems
Factors That Influence Selection
Outlet Selection Procedures
3. EQUIPMENT
3.1 Supply air outlets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
366<\/td>\n3.2 Return and Exhaust Air Inlets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
367<\/td>\n3.3 Grilles
Types
Application-Specific Grilles
3.4 Nozzles and Drum Louvers
3.5 Diffusers
Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
368<\/td>\nAccessories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
369<\/td>\n3.6 Terminal Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
370<\/td>\nSingle-Duct Terminal Units
Dual-Duct Terminal Units
Air-to-Air Induction Terminal Units
Fan-Powered Terminal Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
372<\/td>\n3.7 Fan-Coil Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
373<\/td>\n3.8 Chilled Beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
374<\/td>\nBeam Types and Configurations
3.9 Air Curtain Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
377<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
378<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch21
1. Types of Fans
2. Principles of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
383<\/td>\n3. Testing and Rating
4. Field Testing of Fans for Air Performance
5. Fan Laws <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
384<\/td>\n6. Fan and System Pressure Relationships <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
385<\/td>\n7. AIR Temperature Rise Across Fans
8. Duct System Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
386<\/td>\n9. System Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
387<\/td>\n10. Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
388<\/td>\n11. Parallel Fan Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
389<\/td>\n12. Series Fan Operation
13. Noise
14. Vibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
390<\/td>\nVibration Isolation
15. Arrangement and Installation
16. Fan Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
391<\/td>\n17. Fan Inlet Cone Instrumented for Airflow Measurement
18. Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
392<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
393<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
394<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch22
1. Environmental Conditions
Health and Comfort <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
395<\/td>\nPrevention and Treatment of Disease <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
396<\/td>\nElectronic Equipment
Process Control and Materials Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
397<\/td>\nStatic Electricity
Sound Wave Transmission
Miscellaneous
2. Enclosure Characteristics
Vapor Retarders
Visible Condensation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
398<\/td>\nConcealed Condensation
3. Energy and water Considerations
Load Calculations
Design Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
399<\/td>\nVentilation Rate
Additional Moisture Losses
Internal Moisture Gains
Supply Water for Humidifiers
Scaling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
400<\/td>\nPotential Bacterial Growth
4. Equipment
Residential Humidifiers for Central Air Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
402<\/td>\nResidential Humidifiers for Nonducted Applications
Industrial and Commercial Humidifiers for Central Air Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
405<\/td>\nSelecting Humidifiers
5. Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
408<\/td>\nMechanical Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
409<\/td>\nElectronic Controls
Control Location
Management Systems
6. Application Considerations
Humidity Control with Direct Space Humidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
410<\/td>\nHumidity Control with Duct-Mounted Humidification
Humidity Control in Variable-Air-Volume Systems
Commissioning Systems
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
411<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
412<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch23
1. Uses for Coils
2. Coil Construction and Arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
413<\/td>\nWater and Aqueous Glycol Coils
Direct-Expansion Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
414<\/td>\nControl of Coils
Flow Arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
415<\/td>\nApplications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
416<\/td>\n3. Coil Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
417<\/td>\nPerformance and Ratings
4. Airflow Resistance
5. Heat Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
418<\/td>\n6. Performance of Sensible Cooling Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
420<\/td>\n7. Performance of Dehumidifying Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
425<\/td>\n8. Determining Refrigeration Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
426<\/td>\n9. Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
427<\/td>\n10. Symbols
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
428<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
429<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
430<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch24
1. Methods of Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
431<\/td>\n2. Desiccant Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
432<\/td>\n2.1 Liquid Desiccant Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
433<\/td>\n2.2 Solid-Sorption Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
434<\/td>\n2.3 Rotary Solid-Desiccant Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
436<\/td>\n2.4 Equipment Ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
437<\/td>\n2.5 Equipment Operating Recommendations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
439<\/td>\n2.6 Applications for Atmospheric- Pressure Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
441<\/td>\n3. Desiccant Drying at Elevated Pressure
3.1 Equipment Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
442<\/td>\n3.2 Applications
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
443<\/td>\nAdditional Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
444<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch25
1. Mechanical Dehumidifiers
Psychrometrics of Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
445<\/td>\nResidential Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
447<\/td>\nGeneral-Purpose Dehumidifiers
DX Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
448<\/td>\nIndoor Swimming Pool Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
450<\/td>\nIce Rink Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
451<\/td>\nIndustrial Dehumidifiers
Dehumidifiers for Controlled Environment Agriculture
Tunnel Dryer Dehumidifier <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
452<\/td>\n2. Controls and Sensors
3. Installation and Service Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
453<\/td>\n4. Wraparound Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
454<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
455<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
456<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch26
1. Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
457<\/td>\n2. Basic heat or heat and water vapor transfer relations
Effectiveness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
458<\/td>\nRate of Energy Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
459<\/td>\nFan Power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
460<\/td>\n3. Types of Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers
Ideal Air-to-Air Energy Exchange
Fixed-Plate Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
461<\/td>\nRotary Air-to-Air Energy Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
463<\/td>\nCoil Energy Recovery (Runaround) Loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
464<\/td>\nHeat Pipe Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
466<\/td>\nThermosiphon Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
468<\/td>\nLiquid-Desiccant Cooling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
469<\/td>\nTwin-Tower Enthalpy Recovery Loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
470<\/td>\nFixed-Bed Regenerators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
472<\/td>\n4. Performance Ratings
Performance Ratings for Air-to-Air Heat or Heat and Mass Exchangers
Performance Ratings for Residential Ventilators with Air-to-Air Heat or Heat and Mass Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
473<\/td>\n5. Additional technical considerations
Air Leakage
Air Capacity of Ventilator Fans <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
474<\/td>\nPressure Drop
Maintenance
Filtration
Controls
Fouling
Corrosion
Condensation and Freeze-Up <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
475<\/td>\nFrost Control Strategies for Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
476<\/td>\nIndirect Evaporative Air Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
477<\/td>\nUse of Economizer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
478<\/td>\n6. Comparison of Air-to-Air Heat or Heat and Mass exchanger characteristics
7. Use of Air-to-Air Heat or Heat and Mass Exchangers in Systems
Characterizing System Efficiency of Heat or Energy Recovery Ventilators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
480<\/td>\nSelection of Heat or Energy Recovery Ventilators
Systems with Multiple Energy Recovery Exchangers
Using Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers to Modify the Latent Capacity Ratio of Cooling Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
483<\/td>\nDessicant and Heat Wheel Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
485<\/td>\n8. Economic Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
487<\/td>\n9. Energy and\/or Mass Recovery Calculation Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
491<\/td>\n10. Symbols
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
492<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
494<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch27
1. Coil Construction and Design
Steam Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
495<\/td>\nWater\/Aqueous Glycol Heating Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
496<\/td>\nVolatile Refrigerant Heat Reclaim Coils
Electric Heating Coils
2. Coil Selection
Coil Ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
497<\/td>\nOverall Requirements
3. Installation Guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
498<\/td>\n4. Coil Maintenance
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
500<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch28
1. Unit Ventilators
Application
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
502<\/td>\nControl <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
503<\/td>\n2. Unit Heaters
Application
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
505<\/td>\nControl <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
506<\/td>\nPiping Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
507<\/td>\nMaintenance
3. Makeup Air Units
Description and Applications
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
508<\/td>\nControl
Applicable Codes and Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
509<\/td>\nCommissioning
Maintenance
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
510<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch29
1. terminology
Definitions
Acronyms
2. Atmospheric Aerosols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
511<\/td>\n3. Aerosol Characteristics
4. Air-Cleaning Applications
5. Mechanisms of Particle Collection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
512<\/td>\n6. Evaluating Air Cleaners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
513<\/td>\n7. Air Cleaner Test Methods
Arrestance Test
Dust-Holding Capacity (DHC) Test
Particle Size Removal Efficiency (PSE) Test
DOP Penetration Test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
514<\/td>\nLeakage (Scan) Tests
ISO Standard 29462
Other Performance Tests
Environmental Tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
515<\/td>\nAHRI Standards
8. Types of Air Cleaners
9. Filter Types and Performance
Panel Filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
517<\/td>\nElectronic Air Cleaners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
518<\/td>\n10. Selection and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
519<\/td>\nResidential Air Cleaners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
520<\/td>\nVAV Systems
Antimicrobial Treatment of Filter Media
11. Air Cleaner Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
521<\/td>\n12. Safety Considerations
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
522<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
524<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch30
Equipment Selection
1. Regulations and Monitoring
Gas-Cleaning Regulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
525<\/td>\nMeasuring Gas Streams and Contaminants
Gas Flow Distribution
Monitors and Controls
2. Particulate Contaminant Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
526<\/td>\nCollector Performance
2.1 Mechanical Collectors
Settling Chambers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
527<\/td>\nInertial Collectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
528<\/td>\n2.2 Electrostatic Precipitators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
531<\/td>\nSingle-Stage Designs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
532<\/td>\nTwo-Stage Designs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
533<\/td>\n2.3 Fabric Filters
Principle of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
534<\/td>\nPressure-Volume Relationships
Electrostatic Augmentation
Fabrics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
535<\/td>\nTypes of Self-Cleaning Mechanisms for Fabric Dust Collectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
537<\/td>\n2.4 Granular-Bed Filters
Principle of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
538<\/td>\n2.5 Particulate Scrubbers (Wet Collectors)
Principle of Operation
Spray Towers and Impingement Scrubbers
Centrifugal-Type Collectors
Orifice-Type Collectors
Venturi Scrubber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
539<\/td>\nElectrostatically Augmented Scrubbers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
540<\/td>\n3. Gaseous Contaminant Control
3.1 Spray Dry Scrubbing
Principle of Operation
Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
541<\/td>\n3.2 Wet-Packed Scrubbers
Scrubber Packings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
542<\/td>\nArrangements of Packed Scrubbers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
543<\/td>\nPressure Drop
Absorption Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
546<\/td>\nGeneral Efficiency Comparisons
Liquid Effects
3.3 Adsorption of Gaseous Contaminants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
547<\/td>\nEquipment for Adsorption
Solvent Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
549<\/td>\nOdor Control
Applications of Fluidized Bed Adsorbers
3.4 Incineration of Gases and Vapors
Thermal Oxidizers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
550<\/td>\nCatalytic Oxidizers
Applications of Oxidizers
Adsorption and Oxidation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
551<\/td>\n4. Auxiliary Equipment
4.1 Ducts
Temperature Controls
Fans
4.2 Dust- and Slurry-Handling Equipment
Hoppers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
552<\/td>\nDust Conveyors
Dust Disposal
Slurry Treatment
5. Operation and Maintenance
Corrosion
Fires and Explosions
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
553<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
554<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch31
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 Terminology
1.2 System Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
555<\/td>\n1.3 Safety
1.4 Efficiency and Emission Ratings
Steady-State and Cyclic Efficiency
Emissions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
556<\/td>\n2. GAS-BURNING APPLIANCES
2.1 Gas-Fired Combustion Systems
Burners
Combustion System Flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
557<\/td>\nIgnition
Input Rate Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
558<\/td>\n2.2 Residential Appliances
Boilers
Forced-Air Furnaces
Water Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
559<\/td>\nCombination Space- and Water-Heating Appliances
Pool Heaters
Conversion Burners
2.3 Commercial-Industrial Appliances
Boilers
Space Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
560<\/td>\nWater Heaters
Pool Heaters
2.4 Applications
Location
Gas Supply and Piping
Air for Combustion and Ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
561<\/td>\nDraft Control
Venting
Building Depressurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
562<\/td>\nGas Input Rate
Effect of Gas Temperature and Barometric Pressure Changes on Gas Input Rate
Fuel Gas Interchangeability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
563<\/td>\nAltitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
564<\/td>\n3. OIL-BURNING APPLIANCES
3.1 Residential Oil Burners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
565<\/td>\n3.2 Commercial\/Industrial Oil Burners
Pressure-Atomizing Oil Burners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
566<\/td>\nReturn-Flow Pressure-Atomizing Oil Burners
Air-Atomizing Oil Burners
Horizontal Rotary Cup Oil Burners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
567<\/td>\nSteam-Atomizing Oil Burners (Register Type)
Mechanical Atomizing Oil Burners (Register Type)
Return-Flow Mechanical Atomizing Oil Burners
3.3 Dual-Fuel Gas\/Oil Burners
3.4 Equipment Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
568<\/td>\nFuel Oil Storage Systems
Fuel-Handling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
569<\/td>\nFuel Oil Preparation System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
570<\/td>\n4. SOLID-FUEL-BURNING APPLIANCES
4.1 Capacity Classification of Stokers
4.2 Stoker Types by Fuel-Feed Methods
Spreader Stokers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
571<\/td>\nUnderfeed Stokers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
572<\/td>\nChain and Traveling Grate Stokers
Vibrating Grate Stokers
5. CONTROLS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
573<\/td>\n5.1 Safety Controls and Interlocks
Ignition and Flame Monitoring
Draft Proving
Limit Controls
Other Safety Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
574<\/td>\nPrescriptive Requirements for Safety Controls
Reliability of Safety Controls
5.2 Operating Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
575<\/td>\nIntegrated and Programmed Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
576<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
577<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
578<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch32
1. Classifications
Working Pressure and Temperature
Fuel Used
Construction Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
580<\/td>\nType of Draft
Condensing or Noncondensing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
581<\/td>\nWall-Hung Boilers
Integrated (Combination) Boilers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
582<\/td>\nElectric Boilers
2. Selection Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
583<\/td>\n3. Efficiency: Input and Output Ratings
4. Performance Codes and Standards
5. Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
584<\/td>\n6. Burner Types
7. Boiler Controls
Operating Controls
Water Level Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
585<\/td>\n8. Flame Safeguard Controls
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
586<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch33
1. Components
Casing or Cabinet
Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
587<\/td>\nHeat Sources
Combustion Venting Components
Circulating Blowers and Motors
Filters and Other Accessories
Airflow Variations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
588<\/td>\nCombustion System Variations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
589<\/td>\nIndoor\/Outdoor Furnace Variations
2. Heat Source Types
Natural Gas and Propane Furnaces
Oil Furnaces
Electric Furnaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
590<\/td>\n3. Commercial Equipment
Ducted Equipment
Unducted Heaters
4. Controls and Operating Characteristics
External to Furnace
Internal to Furnace <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
591<\/td>\n5. Equipment Selection
Distribution System
Equipment Location
Forced-Air System Primary Use
Fuel Selection
Combustion Air and Venting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
592<\/td>\nEquipment Sizing
Types of Furnaces
Consumer Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
593<\/td>\nSelecting Furnaces for Commercial Buildings
6. Calculations
7. Technical Data
Natural Gas Furnaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
594<\/td>\nPropane Furnaces
Oil Furnaces
Electric Furnaces
Commercial Furnaces
8. Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
595<\/td>\n9. Agency Listings
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
596<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch34
1. GAS IN-SPACE HEATERS
Room Heaters
Wall Furnaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
597<\/td>\nFloor Furnaces
U.S. Minimum Efficiency Requirements
1.1 Controls
Valves
Thermostats <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
598<\/td>\n1.2 Vent Connectors
1.3 Sizing Units
2. OIL AND KEROSENE IN-SPACE HEATERS
Vaporizing Oil Pot Heaters
Powered Atomizing Heaters
Portable Kerosene Heaters
3. ELECTRIC IN-SPACE HEATERS
Wall, Floor, Toe Space, and Ceiling Heaters
Baseboard Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
599<\/td>\n3.1 Radiant Heating Systems
Heating Panels and Heating Panel Sets
Embedded Cable and Storage Heating Systems
Cord-Connected Portable Heaters
Controls
4. SOLID-FUEL IN-SPACE HEATERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
600<\/td>\n4.1 Fireplaces
Simple Fireplaces
Factory-Built Fireplaces
Freestanding Fireplaces
4.2 Stoves
Conventional Wood Stoves
Advanced-Design Wood Stoves
Fireplace Inserts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
601<\/td>\nPellet-Burning Stoves
5. GENERAL INSTALLATION PRACTICES
Safety with Solid Fuels
Utility-Furnished Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
602<\/td>\nProducts of Combustion
Agency Testing
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
603<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
604<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch35
1. Terminology
2. Draft Operating Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
605<\/td>\n3. Chimney Functions
Start-Up
Air Intakes
Vent Size
Draft Control
Pollution Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
606<\/td>\nEquipment Location
Wind Effects
Safety Factors
4. Steady-State Chimney Design Equations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
607<\/td>\nMass Flow of Combustion Products in Chimneys and Vents
Mean Chimney Gas Temperature and Density <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
610<\/td>\nTheoretical Draft <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
611<\/td>\nSystem Pressure Loss Caused by Flow
Available Draft
Chimney Gas Velocity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
612<\/td>\nSystem Resistance Coefficient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
613<\/td>\nConfiguration and Manifolding Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
614<\/td>\nInput, Diameter, and Temperature Relationships
Volumetric Flow in Chimney or System
Graphical Solution of Chimney or Vent System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
615<\/td>\n5. Steady-State Chimney Design Graphical Solutions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
617<\/td>\n6. Vent and Chimney Capacity Calculation Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
623<\/td>\n7. Gas Appliance Venting
Vent Connectors
Masonry Chimneys for Gas Appliances
Type B and Type L Factory-Built Venting Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
624<\/td>\nGas Appliances Without Draft Hoods
Conversion to Gas
8. Oil-Fired Appliance Venting
Condensation and Corrosion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
625<\/td>\nConnector and Chimney Corrosion
Vent Connectors
Masonry Chimneys for Oil-Fired Appliances
Replacement of Appliances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
626<\/td>\n9. Fireplace Chimneys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
631<\/td>\n10. Air Supply to Fuel-Burning Appliances
11. Vent and Chimney Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
633<\/td>\n12. Vent and Chimney Accessories
Draft Hoods
Draft Regulators
Vent Dampers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
634<\/td>\nHeat Exchangers or Flue Gas Heat Extractors
13. Draft Fans <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
635<\/td>\n14. Terminations: Caps and Wind Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
637<\/td>\n15. Codes and Standards
16. Conversion Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
638<\/td>\n17. Symbols
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
639<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
640<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch36
1. Description
Radiators
Pipe Coils
Convectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
641<\/td>\nBaseboard Units
Finned-Tube Units
Heat Emission
2. Ratings of Heat-Distributing Units
Radiators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
642<\/td>\nConvectors
Baseboard Units
Finned-Tube Units
Other Heat-Distributing Units
Corrections for Nonstandard Conditions
3. Design
Effect of Water Velocity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
644<\/td>\nEffect of Altitude
Effect of Mass
Performance at Low Water Temperatures
Effect of Enclosure and Paint
4. Applications
Radiators
Convectors
Baseboard Radiation
Finned-Tube Radiation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
645<\/td>\nRadiant Panels
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
646<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch37 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
647<\/td>\n1. SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS
1.1 Air-Heating Systems
1.2 Liquid-Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
648<\/td>\nDirect and Indirect Systems
Freeze Protection
1.3 Solar Thermal Energy Collectors
Collector Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
649<\/td>\nCollector Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
651<\/td>\n1.4 Row Design
Piping Configuration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
652<\/td>\nVelocity Limitations
Thermal Expansion
1.5 Array Design
Piping Configuration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
654<\/td>\nShading
1.6 Thermal Collector Performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
655<\/td>\nTesting Methods
Collector Test Results and Initial Screening Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
656<\/td>\nGeneric Test Results
1.7 Thermal Energy Storage
Air System Thermal Storage
Liquid System Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
658<\/td>\nStorage Tank Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
659<\/td>\nStorage Tank Insulation
Stratification and Short Circuiting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
660<\/td>\nStorage Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
661<\/td>\n1.8 Heat Exchangers
Requirements
Internal Heat Exchanger
External Heat Exchanger <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
662<\/td>\nHeat Exchanger Performance
1.9 Controls
Differential Temperature Controllers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
663<\/td>\nPhotovoltaically Powered Pumps
Overtemperature Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
664<\/td>\nHot-Water Dump
Heat Exchanger Freeze Protection
2. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
665<\/td>\nFundamentals of Photovoltaics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
667<\/td>\nRelated Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
668<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
669<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
671<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
672<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch38
1. POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
673<\/td>\n1.1 Performance
Ideal Compressor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
674<\/td>\nActual Compressor
Compressor Efficiency, Subcooling, and Superheating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
675<\/td>\n1.2 Abnormal Operating Conditions, Hazards, and Protective Devices
Liquid Hazard
Suction and Discharge Pulsations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
676<\/td>\nNoise
Vibration
Shock
Testing and Operating Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
677<\/td>\n1.3 Motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
678<\/td>\n2. RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
679<\/td>\nPerformance Data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
680<\/td>\nMotor Performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
681<\/td>\nFeatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
682<\/td>\nSpecial Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
683<\/td>\nApplication
3. ROTARY COMPRESSORS
3.1 Rolling-Piston Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
684<\/td>\nPerformance
Features <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
685<\/td>\n3.2 Rotary-Vane Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
686<\/td>\n3.3 Screw Compressors
Single-Screw Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
690<\/td>\nTwin-Screw Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
696<\/td>\n3.4 Scroll Compressors
Mechanical Features <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
698<\/td>\nCapacity Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
699<\/td>\nEnergy Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
700<\/td>\nNoise and Vibration
Operation and Maintenance
3.5 Trochoidal Compressors
Description and Performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
701<\/td>\n4. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
702<\/td>\nRefrigeration Cycle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
703<\/td>\nAngular Momentum
Nondimensional Coefficients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
704<\/td>\nMach Number
Performance
Impellers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
705<\/td>\nSurging
System Balance and Capacity Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
707<\/td>\n4.1 Application
Vibration
Noise
Drivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
708<\/td>\nParalleling
Other Specialized Applications
4.2 Mechanical Design
Casings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
709<\/td>\nRotor Dynamics
Lubrication
Bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
710<\/td>\nOil-Free Centrifugal Compressors
Accessories and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
711<\/td>\n4.3 Isentropic Analysis
4.4 Polytropic Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
712<\/td>\nTesting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
713<\/td>\n4.5 Operation and Maintenance
4.6 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
714<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
715<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
716<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch39
1. WATER-COOLED CONDENSERS
1.1 Heat Removal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
717<\/td>\n1.2 Heat Transfer
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Water-Side Film Coefficient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
718<\/td>\nRefrigerant-Side Film Coefficient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
719<\/td>\nTube-Wall Resistance
Surface Efficiency
Fouling Factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
720<\/td>\n1.3 Water Pressure Drop
1.4 Liquid Subcooling
1.5 Water Circuiting
1.6 Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
721<\/td>\nShell-and-Tube Condensers
Shell-and-Coil Condensers
Tube-in-Tube Condensers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
722<\/td>\nBrazed-Plate and Plate-and-Frame Condensers
1.7 Noncondensable Gases
1.8 Testing and Rating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
723<\/td>\nDesign Pressure
1.9 Operation and Maintenance
2. AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
724<\/td>\n2.1 Types
Plate-and-Fin
Integral-Fin
Microchannel
2.2 Fans and Air Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
725<\/td>\n2.3 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop
2.4 Condensers Remote from Compressor
2.5 Condensers as Part of Condensing Unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
726<\/td>\n2.6 Water-Cooled Versus Air-Cooled Condensing
2.7 Testing and Rating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
727<\/td>\n2.8 Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
728<\/td>\n2.9 Installation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
729<\/td>\n3. EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS
3.1 Heat Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
730<\/td>\n3.2 Condenser Configuration
Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
731<\/td>\nMethod of Coil Wetting
Airflow
3.3 Condenser Location
3.4 Multiple-Condenser Installations
3.5 Ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
732<\/td>\n3.6 Desuperheating Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
733<\/td>\n3.7 Refrigerant Liquid Subcoolers
3.8 Multicircuit Condensers and Coolers
3.9 Water Treatment
3.10 Water Consumption
3.11 Capacity Modulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
734<\/td>\n3.12 Purging
3.13 Maintenance
3.14 Testing and Rating
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
736<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
737<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
738<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch40
1. Principle of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
739<\/td>\n2. Design Conditions
3. Types of Cooling Towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
742<\/td>\nDirect-Contact Cooling Towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
743<\/td>\nIndirect-Contact Cooling Towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
744<\/td>\nHybrid Closed-Circuit Cooling Towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
745<\/td>\nModular Fluid Coolers with Mixed Operational Mode
Adiabatic Fluid Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
746<\/td>\n4. Materials of Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
747<\/td>\n5. Selection Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
748<\/td>\n6. Application
Siting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
749<\/td>\nPiping
Capacity Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
751<\/td>\nWater-Side Economizer (Free Cooling) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
752<\/td>\nWinter Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
753<\/td>\nSound
Drift
Fogging (Cooling Tower Plume) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
754<\/td>\nMaintenance
Inspections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
755<\/td>\nWater Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
756<\/td>\nWhite Rust
7. Performance Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
757<\/td>\n8. Cooling Tower Thermal Performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
758<\/td>\n9. Cooling Tower Theory <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
759<\/td>\nCounterflow Integration
Cross-Flow Integration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
761<\/td>\n10. Tower Coefficients
Available Coefficients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
762<\/td>\nEstablishing Tower Characteristics
11. Additional Information
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
763<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
764<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch41 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
776<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch42 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
783<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
784<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch43 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
800<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch44
1. Centrifugal Pumping
2. Construction Features <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
801<\/td>\n3. Pump Types
Circulator Pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
802<\/td>\nClose-Coupled, Single-Stage, End-Suction Pump
Frame-Mounted, End-Suction Pump on Base Plate
Base-Mounted, Horizontal (Axial) or Vertical, Split-Case, Single-Stage, Double-Suction Pump
Base-Mounted, Horizontal, Split-Case, Multistage Pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
803<\/td>\nVertical In-Line Pump
Vertical In-Line Split-Coupled Pump
Vertical Turbine, Single- or Multistage, Sump-Mounted Pump
4. Pump Performance Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
804<\/td>\n5. Hydronic System Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
805<\/td>\n6. Pump and Hydronic System Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
806<\/td>\n7. Pump Power
8. Pump Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
807<\/td>\n9. Affinity Laws <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
809<\/td>\n10. Radial Thrust
11. Net Positive Suction Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
810<\/td>\n12. Selection of Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
811<\/td>\n13. Arrangement of Pumps
Duty Standby
Parallel Pumping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
812<\/td>\nSeries Pumping
Standby Pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
813<\/td>\nPrimary-Secondary Pumping
Variable-Speed Central Pumping
Variable-Speed Distributed Pumping
Differential Pressure Control with Predefined Control Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
814<\/td>\n14. Motive Power
15. Energy Conservation in Pumping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
815<\/td>\n16. Installation, Operation, and Commissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
816<\/td>\nCommissioning Base-Mounted Centrifugal Pumps
17. Troubleshooting
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
818<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch45
1. MOTORS
1.1 Alternating-Current Power Supply <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
819<\/td>\n1.2 Codes and Standards
1.3 Motor Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
820<\/td>\n1.4 General-Purpose Motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
821<\/td>\nApplication
1.5 Permanent-Magnet AC Motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
822<\/td>\n1.6 Hermetic Motors
Application
1.7 Integral Thermal Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
823<\/td>\n1.8 Motor Protection and Control
Separate Motor Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
824<\/td>\nProtection of Control Apparatus and Branch Circuit Conductors
Three-Phase Motor Starting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
825<\/td>\nDirect-Current Motor Starting
Single-Phase Motor Starting
Operating AC Induction Motors above Nameplate Speed Using Variable-Frequency Drives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
826<\/td>\nVFD-Induced Bearing Currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
827<\/td>\nDetecting Bearing Currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
828<\/td>\nStrategies for Mitigating Bearing Currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
830<\/td>\n2. AIR VOLUME CONTROL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
831<\/td>\n2.1 Variable-Frequency Drives
Power Transistor Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
832<\/td>\nMotor and Conductor Impedance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
833<\/td>\nMotor Ratings and NEMA Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
834<\/td>\nMotor Noise and Drive Carrier Frequencies
Carrier Frequencies and Drive Ratings
2.2 Power Distribution System Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
835<\/td>\nVFDs and Harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
836<\/td>\n2.3 performance testing and rating standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
837<\/td>\nCalculating VFD and Motor Efficiency
VFD-Generated Harmonics
Motor Insulation Stress
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
839<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
840<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch46
1. Fundamentals
Body Ratings
Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
841<\/td>\nFlow Coefficient and Pressure Drop
Cavitation
Water Hammer
Noise
Body Styles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
842<\/td>\n2. Manual Valves
Selection
Globe Valves
Gate Valves
Plug Valves
Ball Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
843<\/td>\nButterfly Valves
3. Automatic Valves
Actuators
Pneumatic Actuators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
844<\/td>\nElectric Actuators
Electronic Hydraulic Actuators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
845<\/td>\nSolenoids
Thermostatic Radiator Valves
Control of Automatic Valves
Two-Way Valves
Three-Way Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
846<\/td>\nSpecial-Purpose Valves
Ball Valves
Butterfly Valves
Pressure-Independent Control Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
847<\/td>\nFlow-Limiting Valves
Control Valve Flow Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
848<\/td>\nControl Valve Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
849<\/td>\n4. Balancing Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
850<\/td>\nManual Balancing Valves
Automatic Flow-Limiting Valves
Balancing Valve Selection
5. Multiple-Purpose Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
851<\/td>\n6. Safety Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
852<\/td>\n7. Self-Contained Temperature Control Valves
8. Pressure-Reducing Valves
Makeup Water Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
853<\/td>\n9. Check Valves
10. Stop-Check Valves
11. Backflow Prevention Devices
Selection
Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
854<\/td>\n12. Steam Traps
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
855<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
856<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch47
1. Fundamentals
2. Types of Heat Exchangers
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
858<\/td>\nTube-in-Tube Heat Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
859<\/td>\nDouble-Wall Heat Exchangers
3. Components
Shell-and-Tube Components
Plate Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
860<\/td>\n4. Application
5. Selection Criteria
Thermal\/Mechanical Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
861<\/td>\nCost
Maintenance
Space Requirements
Steam
Water Quality
6. Installation
Additional Resources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
862<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch48
1. General Design Considerations
User Requirements
Application Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
863<\/td>\nInstallation
Service
Sustainability
2. Types of Unitary Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
865<\/td>\nSingle-Package Equipment: Types and Installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
866<\/td>\nCombined Space-Conditioning\/Water-Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
867<\/td>\nEngine-Driven Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners
3. Equipment and System Standards
Energy Conservation and Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
868<\/td>\nAHRI Certification Programs
Safety Standards and Installation Codes
4. Air Conditioners
Refrigerant Circuit Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
869<\/td>\nAir-Handling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
870<\/td>\nElectrical Design
Mechanical Design
Accessories
Heating
5. Air-Source Heat Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
871<\/td>\nAdd-On Heat Pumps
Selection
Refrigerant Circuit and Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
872<\/td>\nSystem Control and Installation
6. Water-Source Heat Pumps
Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
874<\/td>\nPerformance Certification Programs
Equipment Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
875<\/td>\n7. Variable-Refrigerant-Flow Heat Pumps
Application
Categories
Refrigerant Circuit and Components
Heating and Defrost Operation
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
876<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
877<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
878<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch49 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
886<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch50
Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
888<\/td>\nClassification of Systems
Storage Media
Basic Thermal Storage Concepts
Benefits of Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
889<\/td>\nDesign Considerations
1. Sensible Thermal Storage Technology
Sensible Energy Storage
Temperature Range and Storage Size
Techniques for Thermal Separation in Sensible Storage Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
890<\/td>\nPerformance of Chilled-Water Storage Systems
Design of Stratification Diffusers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
891<\/td>\nStorage Tank Insulation
Other Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
892<\/td>\nChilled-Water Storage Tanks
Low-Temperature Fluid Sensible Energy Storage
Storage in Aquifers
Chilled-Water Thermal Storage Sizing Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
895<\/td>\n2. Latent Cool Storage Technology
Water as Phase-Change Thermal Storage Medium <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
896<\/td>\nInternal Melt Ice-On-Coil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
897<\/td>\n3. Chiller and Ice Storage Selection
Operation With Disabled Chiller <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
898<\/td>\nSelecting Storage Equipment
External-Melt Ice-On-Coil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
899<\/td>\nEncapsulated Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
900<\/td>\nIce Harvesters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
901<\/td>\nIce Slurry Systems
Unitary Thermal Storage Systems
Other Phase-Change Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
902<\/td>\n4. Heat Storage Technology
Sizing Heat Storage Systems
Service Water Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
903<\/td>\nBrick Storage (ETS) Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
904<\/td>\nPressurized Water Storage Heaters
Underfloor Heat Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
905<\/td>\nBuilding Mass Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
906<\/td>\nFactors Favoring Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
908<\/td>\nComparative Value of TEC versus Other Energy Storage Technologies
Factors Discouraging Thermal Storage
Typical Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
909<\/td>\n5. Sizing Cool Storage Systems
Sizing Strategies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
910<\/td>\nCalculating Load Profiles
Sizing Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
911<\/td>\n6. Application of Thermal Storage Systems
Chilled-Water Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
913<\/td>\nIce (and PCM) Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
915<\/td>\nUnitary Thermal Storage Systems (UTSSs)
7. Operation and Control
Operating Modes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
917<\/td>\nControl Strategies
Operating Strategies
Utility Demand Control
Instrumentation Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
918<\/td>\n8. Other Design Considerations
Hydronic System Design for Open Systems
Cold-Air Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
919<\/td>\nStorage of Heat in Cool Storage Units
System Interface
Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
920<\/td>\n9. Cost Considerations
10. Maintenance Considerations
Water Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
921<\/td>\n11. Commissioning
Statement of Design Intent <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
922<\/td>\nCommissioning Specification
Required Information
Performance Verification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
923<\/td>\nSample Commissioning Plan Outline for Chilled-Water Plants with Thermal Storage Systems
12. Good Practices
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
926<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
928<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch51 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
935<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
936<\/td>\nI-P_S20_Ch52 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
966<\/td>\nI-P_S2020 IndexIX
Abbreviations, F38
Absorbents
Absorption
Acoustics. See Sound
Activated alumina, S24.1, 4, 12
Activated carbon adsorption, A47.9
Adaptation, environmental, F9.17
ADPI. See Air diffusion performance index (ADPI)
Adsorbents
Adsorption
Aeration, of farm crops, A26
Aerosols, S29.1
AFDD. See Automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD)
Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S44.8
AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE)
AHU. See Air handlers
Air
Air barriers, F25.9; F26.5
Airborne infectious diseases, F10.7
Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrial exhaust gas cleaning)
Air conditioners. (See also Central air conditioning) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
967<\/td>\nAir conditioning. (See also Central air conditioning)
Air contaminants, F11. (See also Contaminants)
Aircraft, A13
Air curtains
Air diffusers, S20
Air diffusion, F20
Air diffusion performance index (ADPI), A58.6
Air dispersion systems, fabric, S19.11
Air distribution, A58; F20; S4; S20
Air exchange rate
Air filters. See Filters, air
Airflow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
968<\/td>\nAirflow retarders, F25.9
Air flux, F25.2. (See also Airflow)
Air handlers
Air inlets
Air intakes
Air jets. See Air diffusion
Air leakage. (See also Infiltration)
Air mixers, S4.8
Air outlets
Airports, air conditioning, A3.6
Air quality. [See also Indoor air quality (IAQ)]
Air terminal units (ATUs)
Airtightness, F37.24
Air-to-air energy recovery, S26
Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13
Air transport, R27
Air washers
Algae, control, A50.12
All-air systems
Altitude, effects of
Ammonia
Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A56.7
Anemometers
Animal environments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
969<\/td>\nAnnual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), S34.2
Antifreeze
Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15.5
Apartment buildings
Aquifers, thermal storage, S51.7
Archimedes number, F20.6
Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
Arenas
Argon, recovery, R47.17
Asbestos, F10.5
ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH)
Atriums
Attics, unconditioned, F27.2
Auditoriums, A5.3
Automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD), A40.4; A63.1
Automobiles
Autopsy rooms, A9.12; A10.6, 7
Avogadro\u2019s law, and fuel combustion, F28.11
Backflow-prevention devices, S46.14
BACnet\u00ae, A41.9; F7.18
Bacteria
Bakery products, R41
Balance point, heat pumps, S48.9
Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, and balancing)
BAS. See Building automation systems (BAS)
Baseboard units
Basements
Bayesian analysis, F19.37
Beer\u2019s law, F4.16
Behavior
BEMP. See Building energy modeling professional (BEMP)
Bernoulli equation, F21.1
Best efficiency point (BEP), S44.8
Beverages, R39
BIM. See Building information modeling (BIM)
Bioaerosols
Biocides, control, A50.14
Biodiesel, F28.8
Biological safety cabinets, A17.5
Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A19.11
Bioterrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Boilers, F19.21; S32
Boiling
Brake horsepower, S44.8
Brayton cycle
Bread, R41
Breweries
Brines. See Coolants, secondary
Building automation systems (BAS), A41.8; A63.1; F7.14 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
970<\/td>\nBuilding energy modeling professional (BEMP), F19.5
Building energy monitoring, A42. (See also Energy, monitoring)
Building envelopes
Building information modeling (BIM), A41.8; A60.18
Building materials, properties, F26
Building performance simulation (BPS), A65.8
Buildings
Building thermal mass
Burners
Buses
Bus terminals
Butane, commercial, F28.5
CAD. See Computer-aided design (CAD)
Cafeterias, service water heating, A51.12, 19
Calcium chloride brines, F31.1
Candy
Capillary action, and moisture flow, F25.10
Capillary tubes
Carbon dioxide
Carbon emissions, F34.7
Carbon monoxide
Cargo containers, R25
Carnot refrigeration cycle, F2.6 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
971<\/td>\nCattle, beef and dairy, A25.7. (See also Animal environments)
CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV)
Cavitation, F3.13
CBRE. See Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
CEER. See Combined energy efficiency ratio (CEER)
Ceiling effect. See Coanda effect
Ceilings
Central air conditioning, A43. (See also Air conditioning)
Central plant optimization, A8.13
Central plants
Central systems
Cetane number, engine fuels, F28.9
CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Change-point regression models, F19.28
Charge minimization, R1.36
Charging, refrigeration systems, R8.4
Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents, A61
Chemical plants
Chemisorption, A47.10
Chilled beams, S20.10
Chilled water (CW)
Chillers
Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F6.7
Chimneys, S35
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), A35.44
Chocolate, R42.1. (See also Candy)
Choking, F3.13
CHP systems. See Combined heat and power (CHP)
Cinemas, A5.3
CKV. See Commercial kitchen ventilation (CVK)
Claude cycle, R47.8
Cleanrooms. See Clean spaces
Clean spaces, A19 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
972<\/td>\nClear-sky solar radiation, calculation, F14.8
Climate change
Climatic design information, F14
Clinics, A9.17
Clothing
CLTD\/CLF. See Cooling load temperature differential method with solar cooling load factors (CLTD\/CLF)
CMMS. See Computerized maintenance management system (CMSS)
Coal
Coanda effect, A34.22; F20.2, 7; S20.2
Codes, A66. (See also Standards)
Coefficient of performance (COP)
Coefficient of variance of the root mean square error [CV(RMSE)], F19.33
Cogeneration. See Combined heat and power (CHP)
Coils
Colburn\u2019s analogy, F4.17
Colebrook equation
Collaborative design, A60
Collectors, solar, A36.6, 11, 24, 25; S37.3
Colleges and universities, A8.11
Combined energy efficiency ratio (CEER), S49.3
Combined heat and power (CHP), S7
Combustion, F28 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
973<\/td>\nCombustion air systems
Combustion turbine inlet cooling (CTIC), S7.21; S8.1
Comfort. (See also Physiological principles, humans)
Commercial and public buildings, A3
Commercial kitchen ventilation (CKV), A34
Commissioning, A44
Comprehensive room transfer function method (CRTF), F19.11
Compressors, S38
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F13.1, F19.25
Computer-aided design (CAD), A19.6
Computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), A60.17
Computers, A41
Concert halls, A5.4
Concrete
Condensate
Condensation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
974<\/td>\nCondensers, S39
Conductance, thermal, F4.3; F25.1
Conduction
Conductivity, thermal, F25.1; F26.1
Constant air volume (CAV)
Construction. (See also Building envelopes)
Containers. (See also Cargo containers)
Contaminants
Continuity, fluid dynamics, F3.2
Control. (See also Controls, automatic; Supervisory control) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
975<\/td>\nControlled-atmosphere (CA) storage
Controlled-environment rooms (CERs), and plant growth, A25.16
Controls, automatic, F7. (See also Control)
Convection
Convectors
Convention centers, A5.5
Conversion factors, F39
Cooking appliances
Coolants, secondary
Coolers. (See also Refrigerators) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
976<\/td>\nCooling. (See also Air conditioning)
Cooling load
Cooling load temperature differential method with solar cooling load factors (CLTD\/CLF), F18.57
Cooling towers, S40
Cool storage, S51.1
COP. See Coefficient of performance (COP)
Corn, drying, A26.1
Correctional facilities. See Justice facilities
Corrosion
Costs. (See also Economics)
Cotton, drying, A26.8
Courthouses, A10.5
Courtrooms, A10.5
CPVC. See Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
Crawlspaces
Critical spaces
Crops. See Farm crops
Cruise terminals, A3.6
Cryogenics, R47 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
977<\/td>\nCurtain walls, F15.6
Dairy products, R33
Dampers
Dampness problems in buildings, A64.1
Dams, concrete cooling, R45.1
Darcy equation, F21.6
Darcy-Weisbach equation
Data centers, A20
Data-driven modeling
Daylighting, F19.26
DDC. See Direct digital control (DDC)
Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS), F36.12; S4.14; S18.2, 8; S25.4; S51
Definitions, of refrigeration terms, R50
Defrosting
Degree-days, F14.12
Dehumidification, A48.15; S24
Dehumidifiers
Dehydration
Demand control kitchen ventilation (DCKV), A34.18
Density
Dental facilities, A9.17
Desiccants, F32.1; S24.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
978<\/td>\nDesign-day climatic data, F14.12
Desorption isotherm, F26.20
Desuperheaters
Detection
Dew point, A64.8
Diamagnetism, and superconductivity, R47.5
Diesel fuel, F28.9
Diffusers, air, sound control, A49.12
Diffusion
Diffusivity
Dilution
Dining halls, in justice facilities, A10.4
DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR)
Direct digital control (DDC), F7.4, 11
Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence modeling, F13.4; F24.13
Dirty bombs. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Disabilities, A8.23
Discharge coefficients, in fluid flow, F3.9
Dispersive infrared (DIR), F7.10
Display cases
Display cases, R15.2, 5
District energy (DE). See District heating and cooling (DHC)
District heating and cooling (DHC), S12
d-limonene, F31.12
DNS. See Direct numerical simulation (DNS)
DOAS. See Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS)
Doors
Dormitories
Draft
Drag, in fluid flow, F3.5
Driers, S7.6. (See also Dryers)
Drip station, steam systems, S12.14
Dryers. (See also Driers)
Drying
DTW. See Dual-temperature water (DTW) system
Dual-duct systems
Dual-temperature water (DTW) system, S13.1
DuBois equation, F9.3
Duct connections, A64.10
Duct design
Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
979<\/td>\nDust mites, F25.16
Dusts, S29.1
Dynamometers, A18.1
Earth, stabilization, R45.3, 4
Earthquakes, seismic-resistant design, A56.1
Economic analysis, A38
Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP), S7.2
Economic performance degradation index (EPDI), A63.5
Economics. (See also Costs)
Economizers
ECOP. See Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP)
ECS. See Environmental control system (ECS)
Eddy diffusivity, F6.7
Educational facilities, A8
EER. See Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
Effectiveness, heat transfer, F4.22
Effectiveness-NTU heat exchanger model, F19.19
Efficiency
Eggs, R34
Electricity
Electric thermal storage (ETS), S51.17
Electronic smoking devices (\u201ce-cigarettes\u201d), F11.19
Electrostatic precipitators, S29.7; S30.7
Elevators
Emissions, pollution, F28.9
Emissivity, F4.2
Emittance, thermal, F25.2
Enclosed vehicular facilities, A16
Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
980<\/td>\nEnergy and water use and management, A37
Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
Energy savings performance contracting (ESPC), A38.8
Energy transfer station, S12.37
Engines, S7
Engine test facilities, A18
Enhanced tubes. See Finned-tube heat transfer coils
Enthalpy
Entropy, F2.1
Environmental control
Environmental control system (ECS), A13
Environmental health, F10
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
EPDI. See Economic performance degradation index (EPDI)
Equipment vibration, A49.44; F8.17
ERF. See Effective radiant flux (ERF)
ESPC. See Energy savings performance contracting (ESPC)
Ethylene glycol, in hydronic systems, S13.24
ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); Electric thermal storage (ETS)
Evaluation. See Testing
Evaporation, in tubes
Evaporative coolers. (See also Refrigerators)
Evaporative cooling, A53
Evaporators. (See also Coolers, liquid)
Exfiltration, F16.2
Exhaust <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
981<\/td>\nExhibit buildings, temporary, A5.6
Exhibit cases
Exhibition centers, A5.5
Expansion joints and devices
Expansion tanks, S12.10
Explosions. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Fairs, A5.6
Family courts, A10.4. (See also Juvenile detention facilities)
Fan-coil units, S5.6
Fans, F19.18; S21
Farm crops, drying and storing, A26
Faults, system, reasons for detecting, A40.4
f-Chart method, sizing heating and cooling systems, A36.20
Fenestration. (See also Windows)
Fick\u2019s law, F6.1
Filters, air, S29. (See also Air cleaners)
Finned-tube heat-distributing units, S36.2, 5
Finned-tube heat transfer coils, F4.25
Fins, F4.6
Fire\/smoke control. See Smoke control
Firearm laboratories, A10.7
Fire management, A54.2
Fireplaces, S34.5
Fire safety
Fish, R19; R32
Fitness facilities. (See also Gymnasiums)
Fittings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
982<\/td>\nFixed-guideway vehicles, A12.7. (See also Mass-transit systems)
Fixture units, A51.1, 28
Flammability limits, gaseous fuels, F28.1
Flash tank, steam systems, S11.14
Floors
Flowers, cut
Flowmeters, A39.26; F37.18
Fluid dynamics computations, F13.1
Fluid flow, F3
Food. (See also specific foods)
Food service
Forced-air systems, residential, A1.1
Forensic labs, A10.6
Fouling factor
Foundations
Fountains, Legionella pneumophila control, A50.15
Fourier\u2019s law, and heat transfer, F25.5
Four-pipe systems, S5.5
Framing, for fenestration
Freeze drying, A31.6
Freeze prevention. (See also Freeze protection systems)
Freeze protection systems, A52.19, 20
Freezers
Freezing
Friction, in fluid flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
983<\/td>\nFruit juice, R38
Fruits
Fuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP), S7.22
Fuels, F28
Fume hoods, laboratory exhaust, A17.3
Fungi
Furnaces, S33
Galleries. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
Garages
Gases
Gas-fired equipment, S34. (See also Natural gas)
Gas vents, S35.1
Gaussian process (GP) models, F19.30
GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP)
Generators
Geothermal energy, A35
Geothermal heat pumps (GHP), A35.1
Glaser method, F25.15
Glazing
Global climate change, and refrigerants, F29.1
Global warming potential (GWP), F29.5
Glossary, of refrigeration terms, R50
Glycols, desiccant solution, S24.2
Graphical symbols, F38
Green design, and sustainability, F35.1
Greenhouses. (See also Plant environments)
Grids, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4
Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP)
Ground-coupled systems, F19.23
Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), A35.1
Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), A35.30
GSHP. See Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP)
Guard stations, in justice facilities, A10.5
GWHP. See Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP)
GWP. See Global warming potential (GWP)
Gymnasiums, A5.5; A8.3
HACCP. See Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)
Halocarbon
Hartford loop, S11.3
Hay, drying, A26.8
Hazard analysis and control, F10.4
Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP), R22.4
Hazen-Williams equation, F22.6
HB. See Heat balance (HB)
Health <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
984<\/td>\nHealth care facilities, A9. (See also specific types)
Health effects, mold, A64.1
Heat
Heat and moisture control, F27.1
Heat balance (HB), S9.23
Heat balance method, F19.3
Heat capacity, F25.1
Heat control, F27
Heaters, S34
Heat exchangers, S47
Heat flow, F25. (See also Heat transfer)
Heat flux, F25.1
Heat gain. (See also Load calculations)
Heating
Heating load
Heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF), S48.6
Heating values of fuels, F28.3, 9, 10
Heat loss. (See also Load calculations)
Heat pipes, air-to-air energy recovery, S26.14 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
985<\/td>\nHeat pumps
Heat recovery. (See also Energy, recovery)
Heat storage. See Thermal storage
Heat stress
Heat transfer, F4; F25; F26; F27. (See also Heat flow)
Heat transmission
Heat traps, A51.1
Helium
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, A29.3; S29.6; S30.3
High-rise buildings. See Tall buildings
High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization, R33.2
High-temperature water (HTW) system, S13.1
Homeland security. See Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
986<\/td>\nHoods
Hospitals, A9.3
Hot-box method, of thermal modeling, F25.8
Hotels and motels, A7
Hot-gas bypass, R1.35
Houses of worship, A5.3
HSI. See Heat stress, index (HSI)
HSPF. See Heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF)
HTST. See High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization
Humidification, S22
Humidifiers, S22
Humidity (See also Moisture)
HVAC security, A61
Hybrid inverse change point model, F19.31
Hybrid ventilation, F19.26
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), R1.1
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), R1.1
Hydrogen, liquid, R47.3
Hydronic systems, S35. (See also Water systems)
Hygrometers, F7.9; F37.10, 11
Hygrothermal loads, F25.2
Hygrothermal modeling, F25.15; F27.10
IAQ. See Indoor air quality (IAQ)
IBD. See Integrated building design (IBD)
Ice
Ice makers
Ice rinks, A5.5; R44
ID50\u201a mean infectious dose, A61.9
Ignition temperatures of fuels, F28.2
IGUs. See Insulating glazing units (IGUs)
Illuminance, F37.31
Indoor airflow, A59.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
987<\/td>\nIndoor air quality (IAQ). (See also Air quality)
Indoor environmental modeling, F13
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ), kitchens, A33.20. (See also Air quality)
Indoor swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums)
Induction
Industrial applications
Industrial environments, A15, A32; A33
Industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29. (See also Air cleaners)
Industrial hygiene, F10.3
Infiltration. (See also Air leakage)
Infrared applications
In-room terminal systems
Instruments, F14. (See also specific instruments or applications)
Insulating glazing units (IGUs), F15.5
Insulation, thermal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
988<\/td>\nIntegrated building design (IBD), A60.1
Integrated project delivery (IPD), A60.1
Integrated project delivery and building design,
Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.12
Internal heat gains, F19.13
Jacketing, insulation, R10.7
Jails, A10.4
Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6
Judges\u2019 chambers, A10.5
Juice, R38.1
Jury facilities, A10.5
Justice facilities, A10
Juvenile detention facilities, A10.1. (See also Family courts)
K-12 schools, A8.3
Kelvin\u2019s equation, F25.11
Kirchoff\u2019s law, F4.12
Kitchens, A34
Kleemenko cycle, R47.13
Krypton, recovery, R47.18
Laboratories, A17
Laboratory information management systems (LIMS), A10.8
Lakes, heat transfer, A35.37
Laminar flow
Large eddy simulation (LES), turbulence modeling, F13.3; F24.13
Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F37.17
Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F37.17
Latent energy change materials, S51.2
Laundries
LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR)
LD50\u201a mean lethal dose, A61.9
LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA)
LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV)
LE. See Life expectancy (LE) rating
Leakage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
989<\/td>\nLeakage function, relationship, F16.15
Leak detection of refrigerants, F29.9
Legionella pneumophila, A50.15; F10.7
Legionnaires\u2019 disease. See Legionella pneumophila
LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES)
Lewis relation, F6.9; F9.4
Libraries. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
Life expectancy (LE) rating, film, A23.3
Lighting
Light measurement, F37.31
LIMS. See Laboratory information management systems (LIMS)
Linde cycle, R47.6
Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S8.6
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), F28.5
Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R4
Lithium bromide\/water, F30.71
Lithium chloride, S24.2
LNG. See Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Load calculations
Load collector ratio (LCR), A36.22
Local exhaust. See Exhaust
Loss coefficients
Louvers, F15.33
Low-temperature water (LTW) system, S13.1
LPG. See Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
LTW. See Low-temperature water (LTW) system
Lubricants, R6.1; R12. (See also Lubrication; Oil)
Lubrication, R12
Mach number, S38.32
Maintenance. (See also Operation and maintenance)
Makeup air units, S28.8
Malls, 12.7
Manometers, differential pressure readout, A39.25
Manufactured homes, A1.9
Masonry, insulation, F26.7. (See also Building envelopes)
Mass transfer, F6 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
990<\/td>\nMass-transit systems
McLeod gages, F37.13
Mean infectious dose (ID50), A61.9
Mean lethal dose (LD50), A61.9
Mean temperature difference, F4.22
Measurement, F36. (See also Instruments)
Measurement, F37. (See also Instruments)
Meat, R30
Mechanical equipment room, central
Mechanical traps, steam systems, S11.8
Medium-temperature water (MTW) system, S13.1
Megatall buildings, A4.1
Meshes, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4
Metabolic rate, F9.6
Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R48.6
Microbial growth, R22.4
Microbial volatile organic chemicals (MVOCs), F10.8
Microbiology of foods, R22.1
Microphones, F37.29
Mines, A30
Modeling. (See also Data-driven modeling; Energy, modeling)
Model predictive control (MPC), A65.6
Moist air
Moisture (See also Humidity)
Mold, A64.1; F25.16
Mold-resistant gypsum board, A64.7
Molecular sieves, R18.10; R41.9; R47.13; S24.5. (See also Zeolites) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
991<\/td>\nMontreal Protocol, F29.1
Morgues, A9.1
Motors, S45
Movie theaters, A5.3
MPC (model predictive control), A65.6
MRT. See Mean radiant temperature (MRT)
Multifamily residences, A1.8
Multiple-use complexes
Multisplit unitary equipment, S48.1
Multizone airflow modeling, F13.14
Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
MVOCs. See Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs)
Natatoriums. (See also Swimming pools)
Natural gas, F28.5
Navier-Stokes equations, F13.2
NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves
Net positive suction head (NPSH), A35.31; R2.9; S44.10
Network airflow models, F19.25
Neutral pressure level (NPL), A4.1
Night setback, recovery, A43.44
Nitrogen
Noise, F8.13. (See also Sound)
Noise criterion (NC) curves, F8.16
Noncondensable gases
Normalized mean bias error (NMBE), F19.33
NPL. See Neutral pressure level (NPL)
NPSH. See Net positive suction head (NPSH)
NTU. See Number of transfer units (NTU)
Nuclear facilities, A29
Number of transfer units (NTU)
Nursing facilities, A9.17
Nuts, storage, R42.7
Odors, F12
ODP. See Ozone depletion potential (ODP)
Office buildings
Oil, fuel, F28.7
Oil. (See also Lubricants)
Olf unit, F12.6
One-pipe systems
Operating costs, A38.4
Operation and maintenance, A39. (See also Maintenance)
OPR. See Owner\u2019s project requirements (OPR)
Optimization, A43.4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
992<\/td>\nOutdoor air, free cooling (See also Ventilation)
Outpatient health care facilities, A9.16
Owning costs, A38.1
Oxygen
Ozone
Ozone depletion potential (ODP), F29.5
PACE. (See Property assessment for clean energy)
Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs), S49.5
Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S49.5
PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Paint, and moisture problems, F25.16
Panel heating and cooling, S6. (See also Radiant heating and cooling)
Paper
Paper products facilities, A27
Parallel compressor systems, R15.14
Particulate matter, indoor air quality (IAQ), F10.5
Passive heating, F19.27
Pasteurization, R33.2
Peak dew point, A64.10
Peanuts, drying, A26.9
PEC systems. See Personal environmental control (PEC) systems
PEL. See Permissible exposure limits (PEL)
Performance contracting, A42.2
Performance monitoring, A48.6
Permafrost stabilization, R45.4
Permeability
Permeance
Permissible exposure limits (PELs), F10.5
Personal environmental control (PEC) systems, F9.26
Pharmaceutical manufacturing cleanrooms, A19.11
Pharmacies, A9.13
Phase-change materials, thermal storage in, S51.16, 27
Photographic materials, A23
Photovoltaic (PV) systems, S36.18. (See also Solar energy)
Physical properties of materials, F33
Physiological principles, humans. (See also Comfort)
Pigs. See Swine
Pipes. (See also Piping)
Piping. (See also Pipes) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
993<\/td>\nPitot tubes, A39.2; F37.17
Places of assembly, A5
Planes. See Aircraft
Plank\u2019s equation, R20.7
Plant environments, A25.10
Plenums
PMV. See Predicted mean vote (PMV)
Police stations, A10.1
Pollutant transport modeling. See Contami- nants, indoor, concentration prediction
Pollution
Pollution, air, and combustion, F28.9, 17
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), F10.6
Polydimethylsiloxane, F31.12
Ponds, spray, S40.6
Pope cell, F37.12
Positive building pressure, A64.11
Positive positioners, F7.8
Potatoes
Poultry. (See also Animal environments)
Power grid, A63.9
Power-law airflow model, F13.14
Power plants, A28
PPD. See Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD)
Prandtl number, F4.17
Precooling
Predicted mean vote (PMV), F37.32
Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.18
Preschools, A8.1
Pressure
Pressure drop. (See also Darcy-Weisbach equation)
Primary-air systems, S5.10
Printing plants, A21 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
994<\/td>\nPrisons, A10.4
Produce
Product load, R15.6
Propane
Property assessment for clean energy (PACE), A38.9
Propylene glycol, hydronic systems, S13.24
Psychrometers, F1.13
Psychrometrics, F1
PTACs. See Packaged terminal air condition- ers (PTACs)
PTHPs. See Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs)
Public buildings. See Commercial and public buildings; Places of assembly
Pumps
Pumps, F19.18
Purge units, centrifugal chillers, S43.11
PV systems. See Photovoltaic (PV) systems; Solar energy
Radiant heating and cooling, A55; S6.1; S15; S33.4. (See also Panel heating and cooling)
Radiant time series (RTS) method, F18.2, 22
Radiation
Radiators, S36.1, 5
Radioactive gases, contaminants, F11.21
Radiosity method, F19.26
Radon, F10.16, 22
Rail cars, R25. (See also Cargo containers)
Railroad tunnels, ventilation
Rain, and building envelopes, F25.4
RANS. See Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation
Rapid-transit systems. See Mass-transit systems
Rayleigh number, F4.20
Ray tracing method, F19.27
RC curves. See Room criterion (RC) curves
Receivers
Recycling refrigerants, R9.3
Refrigerant\/absorbent pairs, F2.15
Refrigerant control devices, R11 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
995<\/td>\nRefrigerants, F29.1
Refrigerant transfer units (RTU), liquid chillers, S43.11
Refrigerated facilities, R23
Refrigeration, F1.16. (See also Absorption; Adsorption) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
996<\/td>\nRefrigeration oils, R12. (See also Lubricants)
Refrigerators
Regulators. (See also Valves)
Relative humidity, F1.12
Residential health care facilities, A9.17
Residential systems, A1
Resistance, thermal, F4; F25; F26. (See also R-values)
Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), F7.9; F37.6
Resistivity, thermal, F25.1
Resource utilization factor (RUF), F34.2
Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R19.17
Restaurants
Retail facilities, 12
Retrofit performance monitoring, A42.4
Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant control, S7.9
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation, F13.3; F24.13
Reynolds number, F3.3
Rice, drying, A26.9
RMS. See Root mean square (RMS)
Road tunnels, A16.3
Roofs, U-factors, F27.2
Room air distribution, A58; S20.1
Room criterion (RC) curves, F8.16
Root mean square (RMS), F37.1
RTDs. See Resistance temperature devices (RTDs)
RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS)
RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units (RTU)
RUF. See Resource utilization factor (RUF)
Rusting, of building components, F25.16
R-values, F23; F25; F26. (See also Resistance, thermal)
Safety
Sanitation
Savings-to-investment ratio (SIR), A38.12
Savings-to-investment-ratio (SIR), A38.12
Scale
Schneider system, R23.7
Schools
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER)
Security. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Seeds, storage, A26.12 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
997<\/td>\nSEER. See Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER)
Seismic restraint, A49.53; A56.1
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), F10.4, 12; F11.15
Sensors
Separators, lubricant, R11.23
Service water heating, A51
SES. See Subway environment simulation (SES) program
Set points, A65.1
Shading
Ships, A13
Shooting ranges, indoor, A10.8
Short-tube restrictors, R11.31
Silica gel, S24.1, 4, 6, 12
Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.11
SIR. See Savings-to-investment ratio (SIR)
Skating rinks, R44.1
Skylights, and solar heat gain, F15.21
Slab heating, A52
Slab-on-grade foundations, A45.11
SLR. See Solar-load ratio (SLR)
Smart building systems, A63.1
Smart grid, A63.9, 11
Smoke control, A54
Snow-melting systems, A52
Snubbers, seismic, A56.8
Sodium chloride brines, F31.1
Soft drinks, R39.10
Software, A65.7
Soils. (See also Earth)
Solar energy, A36; S37.1 (See also Solar heat gain; Solar radiation) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
998<\/td>\nSolar heat gain, F15.14; F18.16
Solar-load ratio (SLR), A36.22
Solar-optical glazing, F15.14
Solar radiation, F14.8; F15.14
Solid fuel
Solvent drying, constant-moisture, A31.7
Soot, F28.20
Sorbents, F32.1
Sorption isotherm, F25.10; F26.20
Sound, F8. (See also Noise)
Soybeans, drying, A26.7
Specific heat
Split-flux method, F19.26
Spot cooling
Stack effect
Stadiums, A5.4
Stairwells
Standard atmosphere, U.S., F1.1
Standards, A66. (See also Codes)
Static air mixers, S4.8
Static electricity and humidity, S22.2
Steam <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
999<\/td>\nSteam systems, S11
Steam traps, S11.7
Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F4.2, 12
Stevens\u2019 law, F12.3
Stirling cycle, R47.14
Stokers, S31.17
Storage
Stoves, heating, S34.5
Stratification
Stroboscopes, F37.28
Subcoolers
Subway environment simulation (SES) program, A16.3
Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit systems)
Suction risers, R2.24
Sulfur content, fuel oils, F28.9
Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R47.5
Supermarkets. See Retail facilities, supermarkets
Supertall buildings, A4.1
Supervisory control, A43
Supply air outlets, S20.2. (See also Air outlets)
Surface effect. See Coanda effect
Surface transportation
Surface water heat pump (SWHP), A35.3
Sustainability, F16.1; F35.1; S48.2
SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs)
SVOCs. See Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs)
SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP)
Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums)
Swine, recommended environment, A25.7
Symbols, F38
Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.6
TABS. See Thermally activated building systems (TABS)
Tachometers, F37.28 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1000<\/td>\nTall buildings, A4
Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2
TDD. See Tubular daylighting devices
Telecomunication facilities, air-conditioning systems, A20.1
Temperature
Temperature-controlled transport, R25.1
Temperature index, S22.3
Terminal units. [See also Air terminal units (ATUs)], A48.13, F19.16; S20.7
Terminology, of refrigeration, R50
Terrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
TES. See Thermal energy storage (TES)
Testing
Testing, adjusting, and balancing. (See also Balancing)
TETD\/TA. See Total equivalent temperature differential method with time averaging (TETD\/TA)
TEWI. See Total equivalent warning impact (TEWI)
Textile processing plants, A22
TFM. See Transfer function method (TFM)
Theaters, A5.3
Thermal bridges, F25.8
Thermal comfort. See Comfort
Thermal displacement ventilation (TDV), F19.17
Thermal emittance, F25.2
Thermal energy storage (TES), S8.6; S51 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1001<\/td>\nThermally activated building systems (TABS), A43.3, 34
Thermal-network method, F19.11
Thermal properties, F26.1
Thermal resistivity, F25.1
Thermal storage,
Thermal storage. See Thermal energy storage (TES) S51
Thermal transmission data, F26
Thermal zones, F19.14
Thermistors, R11.4
Thermodynamics, F2.1
Thermometers, F37.5
Thermopile, F7.4; F37.9; R45.4
Thermosiphons
Thermostats
Three-dimensional (3D) printers, F11.18
Three-pipe distribution, S5.6
Tobacco smoke
Tollbooths
Total equivalent temperature differential method with time averaging (TETD\/TA), F18.57
Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI), F29.5
Trailers and trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo containers)
Transducers, F7.10, 13
Transfer function method (TFM); F18.57; F19.3
Transmittance, thermal, F25.2
Transmitters, F7.9, 10
Transpiration, R19.19
Transportation centers
Transport properties of refrigerants, F30
Traps
Trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo containers)
Tubular daylighting devices (TDDs), F15.30
Tuning automatic control systems, F7.19
Tunnels, vehicular, A16.1
Turbines, S7
Turbochargers, heat recovery, S7.34
Turbulence modeling, F13.3
Turbulent flow, fluids, F3.3
Turndown ratio, design capacity, S13.4
Two-node model, for thermal comfort, F9.18
Two-pipe systems, S5.5; S13.20
U.S. Marshal spaces, A10.6
U-factor
Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, S29.6; S30.3
Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems, S17 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1002<\/td>\nUltraviolet air and surface treatment, A62
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), A60.1; S17.1. [See also Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems]
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), A62.1; S17.1. [See also Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems]
Uncertainty analysis
Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems, A4.6; A58.14; F19.17
Unitary systems, S48
Unit heaters. See Heaters
Units and conversions, F39
Unit ventilators, S28.1
Utility interface, electric, S7.43
Utility rates, A63.11
UV. See Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems
UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI)
Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R28.9
Validation, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17
Valves. (See also Regulators)
Vaporization systems, S8.6
Vapor pressure, F27.8; F33.2
Vapor retarders, jackets, F23.12
Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
Variable-frequency drives, S45.14
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), S18.1; S48.1, 14
Variable-speed drives. See Variable-frequency drives S51
VAV. See Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
Vegetables, R37
Vehicles
Vena contracta, F3.4
Vending machines, R16.5
Ventilation, F16 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1003<\/td>\nVentilators
Venting
Verification, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17
Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.11
Vibration, F8.17
Viral pathogens, F10.9
Virgin rock temperature (VRT), and heat release rate, A30.3
Viscosity, F3.1
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), F10.11
Voltage, A57.1
Volume ratio, compressors
VRF. See Variable refrigerant flow (VRF)
VRT. See Virgin rock temperature (VRT)
Walls
Warehouses, A3.8
Water
Water heaters
Water horsepower, pump, S44.7
Water\/lithium bromide absorption
Water-source heat pump (WSHP), S2.4; S48.11
Water systems, S13 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1004<\/td>\nWater treatment, A50
Water use and management (See Energy and water use and management)
Water vapor control, A45.6
Water vapor permeance\/permeability, F26.12, 17, 18
Water vapor retarders, F26.6
Water wells, A35.30
Weather data, F14
Weatherization, F16.18
Welding sheet metal, S19.12
Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), heat stress, A32.5
Wheels, rotary enthalpy, S26.9
Whirlpools and spas
Wien\u2019s displacement law, F4.12
Wind. (See also Climatic design information; Weather data)
Wind chill index, F9.23
Windows. (See also Fenestration)
Wind restraint design, A56.15
Wineries
Wireless sensors, A63.7
Wood construction, and moisture, F25.10
Wood products facilities, A27.1
Wood pulp, A27.2
Wood stoves, S34.5
WSHP. See Water-source heat pump (WSHP)
Xenon, R47.18
Zeolites, R18.10; R41.9; R47.13; S24.5. (See also Molecular sieves) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1006<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage
I-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1008<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1010<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1012<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1014<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1016<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1018<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1020<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1022<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1024<\/td>\nI-P_S20 CommentPage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Systems and Equipment (I-P)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHRAE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n1025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":208547,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2719],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-208544","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ashrae","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/208544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=208544"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=208544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}