{"id":218981,"date":"2024-10-19T14:12:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-8006-12010a12016\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T07:29:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T07:29:46","slug":"bs-8006-12010a12016","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-8006-12010a12016\/","title":{"rendered":"BS 8006-1:2010+A1:2016"},"content":{"rendered":"

This British Standard contains recommendations and guidance for the application of reinforcement techniques to soils, as fill or in situ, and to other fills. The standard is written in a limit state format and guidelines are provided in terms of partial material factors and load factors for various applications and design lives.<\/p>\n

This code is to be read in conjunction with BS EN 1997\u20111:2004, NA to BS EN 1997\u20111:2004 and BS EN 14475:2006.<\/p>\n

BS EN 1997\u20111:2004 does not cover the design and execution of reinforced soil structures. The values of partial factors and load factors given in BS EN 1997\u20111:2004 have not been calibrated for reinforced soil structures. BS EN 1997\u20111:2004 is not for use in the design and execution of reinforced soil. The partial factors set out in BS 8006\u20111 cannot be replaced by similar factors in BS EN 1997\u20111:2004.<\/p>\n

The code is divided into eight sections. Section 1<\/b> identifies the scope, definitions and notation of the code. Section 2<\/b> describes the concepts and fundamental principles of reinforced soil. Section 3<\/b> provides recommendations for the use of materials where existing standards are available. Where materials are used that are not covered by existing standards or where known materials are to be used in ways not covered by existing standards Section 4<\/b> gives recommendations for the testing and approval of such materials.<\/p>\n

Sections 5<\/b> to 8<\/b> relate to design, construction and maintenance of walls and abutments, slopes and foundations. They include specific recommendations for characterization of the soils to be used and other factors affecting the design and performance of the structures. Emphasis is placed on quality control both with regard to the consistency of the properties of the fill and reinforcing materials and to the handling of the materials on site.<\/p>\n

In line with current practice the design methods described are based on limit state principles. The partial factors included are based on previous experience and have been calibrated to maintain consistency with current practice.<\/p>\n

The clauses are supplemented by a substantial list of references to enable the user to consider in greater depth the applications of the technique.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n\t\tForeword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nSection 1: General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nSection 2: Concepts and fundamental principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nFigure 1\u2003Range of applications of reinforced soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n\tFigure 2\tEffect of reinforcement on a soil element <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n\tFigure 3\tReinforcing mechanisms in walls and slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nTable 1\u2003Factors affecting performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nFigure 4\u2003Forms of reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nSection 3: Materials
Table 2\u2003\ufffdSummary references to the relevant component of the main materials within reinforced soil walls, abutments and slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nTable 3\u2003Minimum properties of some different types of steel reinforcement
Table 4\u2003Sacrificial thickness to be allowed on each surface exposed to corrosion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n\tFigure 5\tTypes of seams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFigure 6\u2003Stitch configuration
Figure 7\u2003Bodkin joint <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nTable 5\u2003Properties of bolts and screws up to 40 mm stock size
Table 6\u2003Properties of dowels and rods up to 40 mm stock size <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 8\u2003Selection of materials for reinforcement, connections and facings for reinforced soil structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nSection 4: Testing for design purposes
Table 7\u2003Examples of service life <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n\tFigure 9\tStress\/strain relationship for sand under plane strain loading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nTable 8\u2003Checklist for investigations of reinforcement products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nSection 5: Principles of design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nTable 9\u2003Category of structure depending upon ramification of failure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nFigure 10\u2003Examples of structures in category 1\u00a0\u2013 Applicable to walls and slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nFigure 11\u2003Examples of structures in category 2\u00a0\u2013 Applicable to walls and slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nFigure 12\u2003Examples of foundations in category 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nFigure 13\u2003Examples of structures in category 3\u00a0\u2013 Applicable to walls and slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nFigure 14\u2003Examples of foundations in category 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nTable 10\u2003Partial materials factors for metallic reinforcements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nSection 6: Walls and abutments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nFigure 15\u2003Definitions and types of walls and abutments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nFigure 16\u2003Common facings used with structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nTable 11\u2003Summary of partial factors to be used in Section 6 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n\uea01Table 12\u2003Partial load factors for load combinations associated with walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n\uea01Table 13\u2003Partial load factors for load combinations associated with abutments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nFigure 17\u2003Load combinations showing partial load factors (see Table 12) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nFigure 18\u2003Design procedure for reinforced soil walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nTable 14\u2003Dimensions of walls and abutments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 19\u2003Initial sizing of structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 20\u2003Sizing of walls with various geometries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nTable 15\u2003\ufffdDetermination of the minimum embedment as a function of the mechanical height H in metres and the factored bearing pressure qr in kN\/m2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n\tFigure 21\tDefinition of embedment, Dm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nFigure 22\u2003Ultimate limit states\u00a0\u2013 External stability
Figure 23\u2003Seviceability limit states\u00a0\u2013 External and internal stability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nFigure 24\u2003Definition of soil properties and loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n\tFigure 25\tPressure distribution along base of wall <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n\tTable 16\tTypical vertical movement capacities required for facing systems to cope with vertical internal settlement of reinforced fill <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nTable 17\u2003Guide to the effects of settlement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nTable 18\u2003Construction tolerances commonly achieved for faces of retaining walls and abutments
\tTable 19\tServiceability limits on post-construction internal strains for bridge abutments and retaining walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n\tFigure 26\tTypes of slip surface failure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n\t\uea01Figure 27\tStability\u00a0\u2013 Effects to be considered <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nFigure 28\u2003Stresses imposed due to self-weight, surcharge and retained backfill <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n\t\uea01Figure 29\tDispersal of vertical strip load through reinforced fill\u00a0\u2013 Tie back wedge method
\t\uea01Figure 30\tDispersal of horizontal shear through reinforced fill\u00a0\u2013 Tie back wedge\u00a0method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n\tFigure 31\tDetermination of adherence capacity of the reinforcement\u00a0\u2013 Tie back wedge method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nFigure 32\u2003Examples of some types of reinforced soil anchors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 33\u2003Internal wedge stability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 34\u2003Internal wedge stability analysis of simple problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 35\u2003Variation of coefficient of earth pressure with depth\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n\tFigure 36\tDispersal of vertical strip load through reinforced fill\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\n\tFigure 37\tDispersal of horizontal shear through reinforced fill\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\n\tFigure 38\tLine of maximum tension for retaining wall\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method
\tFigure 39\tDefinition of maximum tension line 2 (retaining wall without superimposed strip loads)\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\n\tFigure 40\tLines of maximum tension for structures with strip loads\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method
\tFigure 41\tDefinition of line 1\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\n\tFigure 42\tExamples of structures requiring global stability analysis\u00a0\u2013 Coherent gravity method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\n\tFigure 43\tAssessment of serviceability limit state base strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\n\tFigure 44\tCheck that facing does not bulge
\tFigure 45\tCheck of unreinforced facing height <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n\tTable 20\tConnection loads for the ultimate and serviceability limit states <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nFigure 46\u2003Bridge abutments\u00a0\u2013 Typical layout plans for strengthening elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 47\u2003Reinforced soil retaining walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nFigure 48\u2003Typical drainage detail for abutment bankseat <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n\tFigure 49\tReinforced soil mass acting as drain <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nFigure 50\u2003Porous pipe at wall face <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\nFigure 51\u2003Drainage details for walls supporting cuttings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nSection 7: Reinforced slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\n\tFigure 52\tExamples of slope reinforcement
Table 21\u2003Summary of partial factors to be used in Section 7 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\n\tFigure 53\tDesign basis for reinforced slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
148<\/td>\n\tFigure 54\tUltimate limit states\u00a0\u2013 External stability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\nFigure 55\u2003Ultimate limit states\u00a0\u2013 Internal stability
Figure 56\u2003Ultimate limit states\u00a0\u2013 Compound stability
Figure 57\u2003Serviceability limit states <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\nFigure 58\u2003Definition of soil properties and principal loads for reinforced steep fill slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 59\u2003Two-part wedge analysis for internal stability of reinforced fill slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\n\uea01Figure 60\u2003Methods of internal stability analysis of reinforced fill slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\nFigure 61\u2003Force components in two-part wedge analysis of compound stability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\n\tFigure 62\tForce applied to the reinforcement tail of a wrap-around face <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\n\tFigure 63\tWrap-around facing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
161<\/td>\nFigure 64\u2003Wrap-around construction techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\n\tFigure 65\tReinforced gabions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\nFigure 66\u2003Reinstatement of failed slopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\nSection 8: Design of embankments with reinforced soil foundations on poor ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\nTable 22\u2003Summary of partial factors to be used in Section 8 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\n\tFigure 67\tReinforcement used to control only stability of embankment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
172<\/td>\n\tFigure 68\tReinforcement used to control both stability and settlement of\u00a0embankment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\nFigure 69\u2003Ultimate limit states for basal reinforced embankments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\nFigure 70\u2003Serviceability limit states for basal reinforced embankments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\nFigure 71\u2003Procedure for assessing rotational stability by slip circle analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\nFigure 72\u2003Lateral sliding stability at fill\/reinforcement interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\nFigure 73\u2003Analysis of foundation extrusion stability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
186<\/td>\nFigure 74\u2003Ultimate limit state stability analysis for basal mattress reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
189<\/td>\n\tFigure 75\tPiled embankment configuration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
191<\/td>\nFigure 76\u2003Ultimate limit states for basal reinforced piled embankments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\n\tFigure 77\tOuter limit of pile caps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\n\tTable 23\tArching coefficient Cc for basal reinforced piled embankments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
195<\/td>\n\tFigure 78\tArching theory according to Hewlett and Randolph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
198<\/td>\n\tFigure 79\tVariables used in determination of Trp <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\nFigure 80\u2003Lateral sliding at fill\/reinforcement interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\nFigure 81\u2003Typical anchorage options <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\nFigure 82\u2003Variables used in analysis of overall stability of basal reinforced piled embankments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\nFigure 83\u2003Serviceability limit states for basal reinforced piled embankments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
207<\/td>\nFigure 84\u2003Conceptual role of reinforcement in limiting surface deformations due to subsidence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\nFigure 85\u2003Parameters used to determine reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\n\tFigure 86\tLaying and jointing sequence for basal reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\nFigure 87\u2003Advancing mud wave
\tFigure 88\tInverted \u201cU\u201d construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\n\tFigure 89\tConstruction of a \u201cU\u201d shaped leading edge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\nFigure 90\u2003Fill sequence for basal foundation mattress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
219<\/td>\n\tAnnex A (normative)\tAssessment of partial material factors for reinforcements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\nFigure A.1\u2003Assessment of fm11 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
223<\/td>\n\tFigure A.2\tAssessment of fm12 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\n\tFigure A.3\tAssessment of fm21 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\n\t\uea01Annex B (normative)\tProjects for Highways England, Transport Scotland, Welsh Government and The Department for Regional Development TransportNI\uea02
\tAnnex C (informative)\tPropping forces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\n\tAnnex D (normative)\tSite damage test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\nFigure D.1\u2003Schematic layout of test bays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\n\tAnnex E (normative)\tDesign of base slabs supporting vehicle parapets for highways <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\nFigure E.1\u2003Design sequence for parapet-supporting base slabs on strengthened\/reinforced soil structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\n\tFigure E.2\tDispersal of load effects through a base slab
\tFigure E.3\tDistribution of pressure beneath a base slab <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\nFigure E.4\u2003\ufffdDesign sequence for a strengthened\/reinforced soil structure that supports the base slab to a high level of containment parapet <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\nFigure E.5\u2003\ufffdIllustrative detail of a parapet-supporting base slab at the top of a strengthened\/reinforced soil wall with in situ concrete coping
Figure E.6\u2003\ufffdIllustrative detail of a parapet-supporting base slab at the top of a strengthened\/reinforced soil wall with pre-cast concrete coping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
245<\/td>\n\tAnnex F (informative)\tDesign of reinforced soil structures for earthquake resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\n\t\tBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Code of practice for strengthened\/reinforced soils and other fills<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2016<\/td>\n260<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":218982,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-218981","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/218981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/218982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=218981"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=218981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}