{"id":243824,"date":"2024-10-19T16:00:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-625482013\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T10:57:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T10:57:47","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-ts-625482013","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-625482013\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC\/TS 62548:2013"},"content":{"rendered":"

This Technical Specification sets out design requirements for photovoltaic (PV) arrays including d.c. array wiring, electrical protection devices, switching and earthing provisions. The scope includes all parts of the PV array up to but not including energy storage devices, power conversion equipment or loads.<\/p>\n

The object of this Technical Specification is to address the design safety requirements arising from the particular characteristics of photovoltaic systems. Direct current systems, and PV arrays in particular, pose some hazards in addition to those derived from conventional a.c. power systems, including the ability to produce and sustain electrical arcs with currents that are not greater than normal operating currents.<\/p>\n

In grid connected systems the safety requirements of this Technical Specification are however critically dependent on the inverters associated with PV arrays complying with the requirements of IEC 62109\u20111<\/span> <\/span> and IEC 62109\u20112<\/span> <\/span>.<\/p>\n

Installation requirements are also critically dependent on compliance with IEC 60364<\/span> <\/span> series (see Clause 4<\/span>).<\/p>\n

PV arrays of less than 100 W and less than 35 V d.c. open circuit voltage at STC are not covered by this Technical Specification.<\/p>\n

Attention is drawn to Annex D<\/span> describing arc fault detection and interruption in PV arrays. It is expected that requirements for the use of this type of equipment will be included in this Technical Specification when reliable commercial equipment for detection of arcs in PV systems is available.<\/p>\n

\n
\n NOTE 1\n <\/div>\n

This Technical Specification covers the protection requirements of PV arrays which develop as a result of the use of batteries in PV systems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n NOTE 2\n <\/div>\n

Additional requirements may be needed for more specialized installations e.g. concentrating systems, tracking systems or building integrated PV.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n1 Scope and object
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms, definitions and symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n3.2 Abbreviations
4 Compliance with IEC 60364 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n5 PV array system configuration
5.1 General
5.1.1 Functional configuration of a PV system
5.1.2 PV system architectures
5.1.3 Array electrical diagrams
Figures
Figure 1 \u2013 General functional configuration of a PV powered system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nFigure 2 \u2013 PV array diagram \u2013 single string case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nFigure 3 \u2013 PV array diagram \u2013 multiple parallel string case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nFigure 4 \u2013 PV array diagram \u2013 multiple parallel string casewith array divided into sub-arrays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2013 PV array using a PCE with multiple MPPT d.c. inputs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n5.1.4 Use of PCE with multiple d.c. inputs
Figure 6 \u2013 PV array using a PCE with multiple d.c.inputs internally connected to a common d.c. bus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n5.1.5 Series-parallel configuration
5.1.6 Batteries in systems
5.1.7 Considerations due to prospective fault conditions within a PV array <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5.1.8 Considerations due to operating temperature
5.1.9 Performance issues <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.2 Mechanical design
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Thermal aspects
5.2.3 Mechanical loads on PV structures
5.2.4 Wind
5.2.5 Material accumulation on PV array
5.2.6 Corrosion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n6 Safety issues
6.1 General
6.2 Protection against electric shock
6.3 Protection against overcurrent
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Requirement for overcurrent protection
6.3.3 Overcurrent protection in PV systems connected to batteries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n6.3.4 Requirement for string overcurrent protection
6.3.5 Requirement for sub-array overcurrent protection
6.3.6 Overcurrent protection sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Example of a PV array diagram where strings are grouped under one overcurrent protection device per group <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n6.3.7 Overcurrent protection location
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Nominal overcurrent rating of functional earth fault interrupter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n6.4 Requirements for PV arrays operating at DVC-B and DVC-C voltages
6.4.1 Detection and alarm requirements
Table 2 \u2013 Requirements for different system types based on PCE isolation and PV array functional earthing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nTable 3 \u2013 Minimum insulation resistance thresholdsfor detection of failure of insulation to earth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n6.4.2 Earth fault alarm
Table 4 \u2013 Response time limits for sudden changes in residual current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n6.5 Protection against effects of lightning and overvoltage
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Protection against overvoltage
7 Selection and erection of electrical equipment
7.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n7.2 PV array maximum voltage
7.3 Component requirements
7.3.1 General
Table 5 \u2013 Voltage correction factors for crystalline and multi-crystalline silicon PV modules <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n7.3.2 PV modules
7.3.3 PV array and PV string combiner boxes
7.3.4 Circuit breakers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n7.3.5 Disconnectors and switch-disconnectors
7.3.6 Cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nTable 6 \u2013 Minimum current rating of circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n7.3.7 Segregation of a.c. and d.c. circuits
7.3.8 Plugs, sockets and connectors
Figure 8 \u2013 Reinforced protection of wiring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n7.3.9 Wiring in combiner boxes
7.3.10 Fuses
7.3.11 Bypass diodes
7.3.12 Blocking diodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n7.4 Location and installation requirements
7.4.1 Disconnecting means <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nTable 7 \u2013 Disconnection device requirements in PV array installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n7.4.2 Earthing and bonding arrangements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFigure 9 \u2013 PV array exposed conductive parts functional earthing\/bonding decision tree <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 Exposed conductive parts earthing in a PV array <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n7.4.3 Wiring system
Figure 11 \u2013 PV string wiring with minimum loop area <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n8 Acceptance
9 Operation\/maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n10 Marking and documentation
10.1 Equipment marking
10.2 Requirements for signs
10.3 Identification of a PV installation
10.4 Labelling of PV array and PV string combiner boxes
10.5 Labelling of disconnection devices
10.5.1 General
10.5.2 PV array disconnecting device <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n10.6 Documentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Examples of signs
Figure A.2 \u2013 Example of switchboard sign for identification of PV on a building <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Examples of system functional earthing configurations in PV arrays
Figure B.1 \u2013 System functional earthing\/grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nFigure B.2 \u2013 Examples different PV configurations in common use <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Blocking diode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nFigure C.1 \u2013 Effect of blocking diode at short circuit in PV string
Figure C.2 \u2013 Effect of blocking diode where there isan earth fault on a system with earthing on the minus side <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nFigure C.3 \u2013 Effect of blocking diode where there isan earth fault on a system with positive side earthing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Arc fault detection and interruption in PV arrays
Figure D.1 \u2013 Examples of types of arcs in PV arrays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) DVC limits
Table E.1 \u2013 Summary of the limits of the decisive voltage classes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Design requirements<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":243827,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-243824","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/243824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/243827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=243824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=243824"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=243824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}