This Technical Report describes good practice for sludge dewatering and belongs to a series on sludge management options.<\/p>\n
It gives guidance on technical and operational aspects of conditioning, thickening and dewatering processes.<\/p>\n
Drying, which is another water content reduction process, is not dealt with in this document, but in CEN\/TR 15473, Characterization of sludges \u2014 Good practice for sludges drying<\/i>.<\/p>\n
This report is applicable for sludges from:<\/p>\n
urban wastewater treatment plants;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
treatment plants for industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
water supply treatment plants.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
This document may be applicable to sludges of other origin.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4<\/td>\n | Contents Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | Foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4 Description and features of thickening \/ dewatering systems 4.1 Thickening devices 4.1.1 General 4.1.2 Devices based on natural forces (gravity) 4.1.2.1 General 4.1.2.2 Gravity thickener <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4.1.2.3 Deep cone thickener <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 4.1.3 Devices based on flotation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 4.1.4 Devices based on filtration 4.1.4.1 General 4.1.4.2 Belt thickener <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 4.1.4.3 Disc thickener <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 4.1.4.4 Drum thickener <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 4.1.4.5 Screw thickener <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 4.1.4.6 Draining bag\/tubes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 4.1.4.7 Horizontal grids \/ deck thickeners 4.1.5 Devices based on centrifugation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 4.2 Dewatering devices 4.2.1 General 4.2.2 Filter press (plate, membrane) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 4.2.3 Belt (filter) press <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 4.2.4 Centrifuge 4.2.5 Screw press <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 4.2.6 Others <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 5 Conditioning 5.1 General 5.2 Conditioning processes 5.2.1 General 5.2.2 Coagulation 5.2.3 Flocculation 5.2.3.1 Floculation by polymers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 5.2.3.2 Flocculation by inorganic chemicals 5.2.4 Physical processes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 5.3 Conditioners 5.3.1 General 5.3.2 Polymers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 5.3.3 Inorganic chemicals (multivalent salts, lime) 5.3.4 Other products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 5.4 Technical aspects 5.4.1 Storage of conditioner 5.4.2 Selection of conditioner 5.4.2.1 General 5.4.2.2 Sludge properties 5.4.2.3 Dewatering equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 5.4.2.4 Final use or disposal 5.4.2.5 Laboratory procedure for conditioning 5.4.3 Preparation of conditioners 5.4.3.1 Organic conditioners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 5.4.3.2 Inorganic (mineral) conditioners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 5.4.4 Injection, dosing and mixing with sludge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 5.4.5 Automation 6 Parameters \/ Methods for the evaluation of sludge thickenability or dewaterability 6.1 General 6.2 Mechanisms description 6.2.1 Settling \/ Flotation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | 6.2.2 Centrifugation 6.2.3 Filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 6.3 Basic theories and parameters 6.3.1 Settling \/ Flotation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 6.3.2 Centrifugation 6.3.3 Filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | 6.4 Methods of evaluation 6.4.1 General 6.4.2 Settleability \/ Thickenability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | 6.4.3 Centrifugability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 6.4.4 Filterability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | 6.4.5 Basic parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | 7 Critical parameters for sizing and optimisation of thickening\/dewatering systems 7.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | 7.2 Gravity thickeners 7.3 Belt thickeners 7.4 Centrifuges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | 7.5 Filter-presses 7.6 Belt-presses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | 7.7 Screw-presses 8 Operational and economic aspects of thickening\/dewatering systems 8.1 General 8.2 Performances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | 8.3 Energy consumption <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | 8.4 Labour requirements 8.5 Water consumption <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | 8.6 Maintenance 8.7 Safety aspects 8.8 Automation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | 8.9 Cost aspects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | 8.10 Final considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | 9 Conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Environmental checklist <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Characterization of sludges. Good practice of sludge dewatering<\/b><\/p>\n |